Table 1.
Patient Characteristics at Presentation
| Weighted N (%) | P-Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Black | Hispanic | |||
| No. of Patients | 568124 (3.75) | 235007 (6.04) | 268014 (2.58) | <0.0001 | |
|
| |||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| 10 – 19 | 28135 (5.48) | 25115 (11.86) | 26767 (11.07) | <0.0001 | |
| 20 – 29 | 256729 (49.99) | 111925 (52.88) | 123190 (50.97) | ||
| 30 – 39 | 203769 (39.68) | 65958 (31.16) | 81266 (33.62) | ||
| 40 – 49 | 24913 (4.85) | 8675 (4.10) | 10472 (4.33) | ||
| Median Household Income for Patient’s Zip code (percentile) | |||||
| 0 - 25th | 127504 (22.42) | 116237 (49.94) | 106755 (40.22) | <0.0001 | |
| 26th - 50th | 148532 (26.12) | 51382 (22.08) | 65418 (24.65) | ||
| 51st - 75th | 151746 (26.68) | 39509 (16.97) | 55926 (21.07) | ||
| 76th - 100th | 140973 (24.79) | 25627 (11.01) | 37304 (14.06) | ||
| Primary Expected Payer | |||||
| Medicare | 4583 (0.80) | 3503 (1.46) | 1395 (0.51) | <0.0001 | |
| Medicaid | 175778 (30.50) | 147173 (61.51) | 174834 (64.03) | ||
| Private Insurance | 367865 (63.83) | 76687 (32.05) | 73572 (26.94) | ||
| Self-pay | 8885 (1.54) | 6561 (2.74) | 17016 (6.23) | ||
| No Charge | 713 (0.12) | 680 (0.28) | 1796 (0.66) | ||
| Other | 18463 (3.20) | 4667 (1.95) | 4451 (1.63) | ||
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|
Hospital Characteristics
| |||||
| Hospital Region | |||||
| Northeast | 108309 (18.77) | 49173 (20.49) | 36063 (13.20) | <0.0001 | |
| Midwest | 117231 (20.31) | 33122 (13.80) | 11394 (4.17) | ||
| South | 236670 (41.01) | 139447 (58.12) | 119230 (43.63) | ||
| West | 114921 (19.91) | 18200 (7.59) | 106616 (39.01) | ||
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|
Patient Comorbidities
| |||||
| Hypertension | 53826 (9.33) | 40040 (16.69) | 23319 (8.53) | <0.0001 | |
| Obesity | 47199 (8.18) | 28619 (11.93) | 20965 (7.67) | <0.0001 | |
| Diabetes Without Chronic Complications | 15385 (2.67) | 8374 (3.49) | 9518 (3.48) | <0.0001 | |
| Diabetes With Chronic Complications | 2828 (0.49) | 1498 (0.62) | 1257 (0.46) | <0.0001 | |
| Renal Failure | 1252 (0.22) | 1054 (0.44) | 994 (0.36) | <0.0001 | |
| Liver Disease | 1039 (0.18) | 415 (0.17) | 673 (0.25) | <0.0001 | |
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|
Pregnancy and Delivery Characteristics
| |||||
| Multiple Gestation | 39724 (6.88) | 10433 (4.35) | 9635 (3.53) | <0.0001 | |
| Multiparity | 2783 (0.48) | 3426 (1.43) | 3460 (1.27) | <0.0001 | |
| Cesarean Delivery | 324787 (26.28) | 137240 (57.20) | 144268 (52.79) | 0.0001 | |