(A) Phylogeny of HDR1 homologs from different plant species. An un-rooted neighbor-joining tree was reconstructed using amino acid sequences. The length of a branch shows the relative protein sequence difference. (B) to (E) HDR1 is a nuclear protein. B, HDR1-GFP; C, Bright-field; D, OsMADS3-mCherry; and E, merged. Bar = 10 μm in (B) to (E). (F) HDR1 transcript levels in various organs. Mean values ± s.d. were obtained from three technical replicates and two biological replicates. (G) Rhythmic expression of HDR1. The rice Ubiquitin-1 (Ubq1) gene was used as an internal control. The values presented are the mean ± s.d. of three independent experiments and two biological replicates. The open and filled bars at the top and bottom represent the light and dark periods, respectively. s.d.: standard deviation. (H) to (K) HDR1 expression pattern in pHDR1::GUS transgenic rice. GUS staining of a transverse section of a leaf (H), a small spikelet (I), a primary root (J), and a bud (K). Bars = 100 μm. s.d.: standard deviations.