Table 2. Median values of the analytes and glucose concentrations for each group, % bias of analyte concentrations in comparison to baseline values and desirable bias (14).
| Glucose (mmol/L) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Analyte / units |
Group I (Baseline; N = 16) |
Group II (N = 16) |
Group III (N = 16) |
Group IV (N = 16) |
Desirable Bias (%) |
| 5.55 (5.44-5.61) |
17.09 (16.15-17.93) |
34.52 (31.75-37.07) |
50.95 (48.40-54.61) |
||
| ALT (U/L) | 18 (9-32) | 18 (9-31) | 17 (9-32) | 19 (9-31) | |
| P | 0.649 | 0.551 | 0.570 | ||
|
% |
0 |
-5.5 |
5.5 |
± 11.48 |
|
| Albumin (g/L) | 43.0 (31.0-46.0) | 43.4 (30.3-46.5) | 43.6 (30.8-46.1) | 43.7 (31.2-46.8) | |
| P | 0.604 | 0.004 | 0.214 | ||
|
% |
0.93 |
1.40 |
1.63 |
± 1.43 |
|
| ALP (U/L) | 75 (51-116) | 76 (50-116) | 75 (51-117) | 75 (51-115) | |
| P | 0.959 | 0.642 | 0.088 | ||
|
% |
1.33 |
0 |
0 |
± 6.72 |
|
| AST (U/L) | 19 (12-25) | 18 (11-25) | 18 (12-26) | 18 (11-25) | |
| P | 0.959 | 0.337 | 0.876 | ||
|
% |
-5.26 |
-5.26 |
-5.26 |
± 6.54 |
|
| Bilirubin, direct (µmol/L) | 3.68 (1.71-5.81) | 3.63 (1.71-5.81) | 3.68 (1.88-5.81) | 3.82 (1.71-5.99) | |
| P | 0.121 | 0.044 | 0.008 | ||
|
% |
-1.4 |
0 |
3.8 |
± 14.2 |
|
| Bilirubin, total (µmol/L) | 10.94 (4.96-19.15) | 10.97 (4.96-19.15) | 10.78 (5.30-19.15) | 11.12 (4.96-19.15) | |
| P | 0.756 | 0.717 | 0.642 | ||
|
% |
0.27 |
-1.46 |
1.65 |
± 8.95 |
|
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.36 (2.25-2.65) | 2.37 (2.20-2.55) | 2.36 (2.18-2.56) | 2.34 (2.21-2.55) | |
| P | 0.042 | 0.053 | 0.138 | ||
|
% |
0.42 |
0 |
-0.85 |
± 0.82 |
|
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 108.5 (104.0-112.0) | 108.9 (104.0-112.1) | 108.7 (104.6-111.7) | 109.2 (105.0-112.3) | |
| P | 0.006 | 0.015 | 0.004 | ||
|
% |
0.37 |
0.18 |
0.65 |
± 0.5 |
|
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.94 (3.74-6.00) | 4.94 (3.73-6.04) | 4.92 (3.70-6.02) | 4.96 (3.76-6.03) | |
| P | 0.234 | 0.865 | 0.816 | ||
|
% |
0 |
-0.4 |
0.4 |
± 4.1 |
|
| CRP (mg/L) | 30.6 (22.1-40.5) | 30.2 (21.6-41.2) | 30.1 (21.9-42.3) | 29.9 (21.0-42.0) | |
| P | 0.433 | 0.532 | 0.932 | ||
|
% |
-1.3 |
-1.7 |
-2.3 |
± 21.8 |
|
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 69.8 (63.7-119.3) | 75.9 (71.6-131.0) | 91.9 (83.1-150.3) | 108.5 (99.0-165.3) | |
| P | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
|
% |
8.74 |
31.66 |
55.31 |
± 3.96 |
|
| FT3 (pg/mL) | 3.06 (2.21-4.05) | 3.01 (2.16-4.12) | 3.01 (2.19-4.23) | 2.99 (2.10-4.20) | |
| P | 0.408 | 0.469 | 0.796 | ||
|
% |
-1.6 |
-1.6 |
-2.3 |
± 4.8 |
|
| FT4 (ng/dL) | 1.08 (0.82-1.37) | 1.09 (0.81-1.42) | 1.10 (0.85-1.43) | 1.16 (0.93-1.47) | |
| P | 0.286 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
|
% |
0.9 |
1.9 |
7.4 |
± 3.3 |
|
| GGT (U/L) | 20 (11-45) | 20 (11-44) | 19 (11-45) | 19 (10-46) | |
| P | 0.234 | 0.679 | 0.325 | ||
|
% |
0 |
-5 |
-5 |
± 11.06 |
|
| LD (U/L) | 179 (166-339) | 176 (167-338) | 181 (164-341) | 178 (165-345) | |
| P | 0.301 | 0.438 | 0.660 | ||
|
% |
-1.7 |
1.1 |
-0.6 |
± 4.3 |
|
| Magnesium (mmol/L) | 0.86 (0.77-0.91) | 0.85 (0.78-0.93) | 0.85 (0.78-0.92) | 0.86 (0.77-0.94) | |
| P | 1.000 | 0.836 | 0.679 | ||
|
% |
-1.2 |
-1.2 |
0 |
± 1.8 |
|
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.24 (0.97-1.45) | 1.22 (1.01-1.47) | 1.23 (1.00-1.46) | 1.24 (1.01-1.48) | |
| P | 0.679 | 0.776 | 0.534 | ||
|
% |
-1.61 |
-0.81 |
0 |
± 3.38 |
|
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.60 (3.90-5.20) | 4.60 (3.94-5.15) | 4.61 (3.90-5.12) | 4.63 (3.95-5.20) | |
| P | 0.043 | 0.276 | 0.733 | ||
|
% |
0 |
0.22 |
0.65 |
± 1.81 |
|
| Protein, total (g/L) | 72.5 (55.0-77.0) | 72.4 (54.5-75.8) | 72.8 (55.4-75.8) | 72.8 (54.1-77.0) | |
| P | 0.438 | 0.379 | 0.255 | ||
|
% |
-0.14 |
0.41 |
0.41 |
± 1.36 |
|
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 141.1 (139-143) | 141.4 (138-143) | 141.4 (138-144) | 141.4 (138-144) | |
| P | 0.677 | 0.299 | 0.406 | ||
|
% |
0.21 |
0.21 |
0.21 |
± 0.23 |
|
| TSH (mIU/L) | 1.06 (0.51-6.98) | 1.05 (0.51-6.86) | 1.05 (0.52-7.02) | 1.07 (0.52-6.45) | |
| P | 0.605 | 1.000 | 0.605 | ||
|
% |
-0.94 |
-0.94 |
0.94 |
± 7.8 |
|
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.45 (0.87-2.47) | 1.48 (0.86-2.48) | 1.48 (0.86-2.51) | 1.47 (0.87-2.50) | |
| P | 0.004 | 0.019 | 0.066 | ||
|
% |
2.07 |
2.07 |
1.38 |
± 9.57 |
|
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.18 (3.57-7.85) | 5.23 (3.61-8.29) | 5.12 (3.66-8.05) | 5.20 (3.71-8.17) | |
| P | 0.005 | 0.569 | 0.698 | ||
|
% |
0.97 |
-1.16 |
0.39 |
± 5.57 |
|
| Uric acid (µmol/L) | 303 (226-405) | 300 (229-403) | 302 (226-396) | 300 (223-408) | |
| P | 0.059 | 0.047 | 0.649 | ||
| % | -0.99 | -0.33 | -0.99 | ± 4.87 | |
Values in brackets represent medians (min-max). ALP - alkaline phosphatase; ALT - alanine aminotransferase; AST - aspartate aminotransferase; CRP – C reactive protein; FT3 - free triiodothyronine; FT4 - free thyroxine; GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase; LD - lactate dehydrogenase; TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the repeated measures with a post-hoc Bonferroni correction. P < 0.0125 values are considered statistically significant. Results higher than desirable bias and statistically significant differences are marked in bold.