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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 8.
Published in final edited form as: ALTEX. 2014 Jul 14;31(4):441–477. doi: 10.14573/altex1406111

Fig. 4. 3D liver cell cultivation techniques.

Fig. 4

(A) Polarized hepatocytes in collagen sandwich cultures (reprinted with permission from Tuschl, 2009). (B) 3D membrane bioreactors with perfusion system (reprinted with permission from Zeilinger et al., 2011) (C) Stirrer bioreactor for 3D aggregates (reprinted with permission from Tostoes et al., 2012). (D) Hanging drop liver organoids (reprinted with permission from Mueller et al., 2013). (E) 3D polystyrene scaffold culture (sc-scaffold, grey arrow indicates microvilli) (reprinted with permission from Bokhari, 2007). (F) A microfluidic device ensuring perfusion in multi-well plate format (reprinted with permission from Domansky, 2010).