. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2015 Sep 22;23(3):282–303. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2015.1088506

Table 1.

Performance on the cognitive battery as a function of age (SD).

	Younger adults	Older adults	p-Value
Age	20.20 (1.52)	67.70 (5.77)	<.001
Education	13.50 (1.55)	15.68 (2.81)	<.001
O-Span	27.66 (6.86)	21.98 (7.89)	<.001
Shipley	31.22 (3.84)	34.99 (3.80)	<.001
DSST	66.03 (9.71)	50.54 (10.26)	<.001
Trails B	48.23 (16.51)	82.56 (41.18)	<.001

Notes: A minimum of 113 participants’ scores in each age group are included. O-Span, Operation Span Task (Unsworth et al., 2005; measure of working memory, scores reflect the number of items correctly recalled in order); Shipley, Shipley Vocabulary Test (Shipley, 1940; scores reflect the number of items correctly defined); DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution Task; Salthouse, 1996; scores reflect the number of trials correctly completed; Trails B (measure of executive function; Wechsler, 1997; scores reflect the number of seconds required to complete the task).