Table 1.
Demographic and disease characteristics
| Variable | EFV (N=272) | LPV/r (N=173) | Pd | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male, N (%) | 221 (81 %) | 137 (79 %) | 0.625 F |
| Ethnicity | Black, N (%) | 128 (47 %) | 89 (51 %) | 0.671 F |
| Hispanic, N (%) | 27 (10 %) | 19 (11 %) | ||
| White, N (%) | 109 (40 %) | 62 (36 %) | ||
| Other, N (%) | 8 (3 %) | 3 (2 %) | ||
| Age, years | Mean (SD) | 43.9 (8.1) | 45.1 (7.8) | 0.113 T |
| Education, years | Mean (SD) | 12.8 (2.4) | 12.6 (2.5) | 0.605 T |
| HCV serostatus | Positive, N (%) | 63 (23 %) | 54 (32 %) | 0.046 F |
| ART use prior to current regimen | Naive, N (%) | 99 (36 %) | 24 (14 %) | <0.001 F |
| Estimated HIV duration, months | Mean (SD) | 109.8 (75) | 144 (68.4) | <0.001 T |
| Total ART duration, months | Mean (SD) | 42.4 (47.7) | 56.4 (56.3) | 0.008 T |
| Current regimen duration, months | Mean (SD) | 17.9 (19.6) | 16.4 (14.5) | 0.378 T |
| Drug-specific durationa, months | Mean (SD) | 27.6 (23.6) | 25.1 (18.4) | 0.202 T |
| Four-day adherence (≥95 %) | Adherence, N (%) | 248 (92 %) | 146 (85 %) | 0.042 F |
| AIDS | Diagnosed, N (%) | 173 (64 %) | 142 (82 %) | <0.001 F |
| Current CD4+ T cells (/mm3) | Mean (SD) | 499 (279) | 443 (290) | 0.044 T |
| ≤200, N (%) | 31 (11 %) | 36 (21 %) | 0.009 F | |
| Nadir CD4+ T cells (/mm3) | Mean (SD) | 187 (157) | 129 (130) | <0.001 T |
| ≤200, N (%) | 166 (61 %) | 127 (73 %) | 0.008 F | |
| Neuropsychiatric comorbidity severityb | Mild, N (%) | 176 (65 %) | 113 (65 %) | 0.919 F |
| Moderate, N (%) | 96 (35 %) | 60 (35 %) | ||
| Severe, N (%) | 0 (0 %) | 0 (0 %) | ||
| HIV RNA—plasma (log10 c/mL) | Mean (SD) | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.6 (1.3) | <0.001 T |
| ≤1.7 log10 c/mL, N (%) | 68.4 % | 49.4 % | <0.001 F | |
| Peak HIV RNA—plasma (log10 c/mL) | Mean (SD) | 5.4 (5.6) | 5.6 (6.0) | 0.003 T |
| HIV RNA—CSF (log10 c/mL)e | Mean (SD) | 1.8 (0.33) | 2.0 (0.62) | <0.001 T |
| ≤1.7 log10 c/mL, N (%) | 204 (92.3 %) | 101 (74.3 %) | ||
| Total ART ever usedc | Mean (SD) | 5.4 (2.5) | 7.6 (3.0) | <0.001 T |
| CPE of current regimen | Mean (SD) | 7.7 (1.3) | 8.5 (2.1) | <0.001 T |
| Other drugs in regimen | ABC, N (%) | 41 (15 %) | 56 (32 %) | <0.001 F |
| 3TC, N (%) | 108 (40 %) | 88 (51 %) | 0.024 F | |
| ZDV, N (%) | 55 (20 %) | 54 (31 %) | 0.009 F | |
| DDI, N (%) | 26 (10 %) | 17 (10 %) | 1.00 F | |
| D4T, N (%) | 14 (5 %) | 17 (10 %) | 0.084 F | |
| FTC, N (%) | 137 (50 %) | 52 (30 %) | <0.001 F | |
| TDF, N (%) | 186 (68 %) | 105 (61 %) | 0.103 F | |
| By drug combinations | ||||
| ABC/3TC, N (%) | 22 (8 %) | 16 (9 %) | 0.729 F | |
| ABC/3TC/ZDV, N (%) | 6 (2 %) | 20 (12 %) | <0.001 F | |
| ZDV/3TC, N (%) | 46 (17 %) | 27 (16 %) | 0.793 F | |
| TDF/FTC, N (%) | 136 (50 %) | 48 (28 %) | <0.001 F |
EFV and LPV/r users had similar demographic characteristics but differed in many HIV disease and treatment characteristics
a
Duration of EFV use for EFV group and LPV/r use for LPV/r group
b
Individuals with confounding level were removed as part of exclusion criteria
c
Ritonavir is excluded as an ART drug because its role is to boost other protease inhibitors
d
F Fisher’s exact test, T two-sample t test
e
357 (80.2 %) of the patients had CSF tested
EFV efavirenz, LPV/r lopinavir/ritonavir, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, CPE CNS penetration-effectiveness, ART antiretroviral therapy