Table 2.
Analysis of neurocognitive outcomes without and with adjustment for statistically significant between-group differences in disease and treatment characteristics (Table 1: EFV vs. LPV/r)
| EFV group | LPV/r group | Unadjusted ΔE-L (95 % CI), P or OR (95 % CI), P | Adjusted ΔE-L (95 % CI), P or OR (95 % CI), P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global functioning | |||||
| Deficit score | Mean (SD) | 0.50 (0.51) | 0.49 (0.46) | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.1), 0.83 | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.13), 0.53 |
| Impairment | N (%) | 135 (50 %) | 80 (46 %) | 1.15 (0.78, 1.68), 0.49 | 1.17 (0.78, 1.77), 0.45 |
| Verbal fluency | |||||
| Deficit score | Mean (SD) | 0.35 (0.67) | 0.22 (0.45) | 0.13 (0.01, 0.24), 0.03 | 0.13 (0.01, 0.25), 0.03 |
| Impairment | N (%) | 44 (16 %) | 22 (13 %) | 1.32 (0.76, 2.30), 0.32 | 1.15 (0.64, 2.08), 0.63 |
| Executive functioning | |||||
| Deficit score | Mean (SD) | 0.63 (0.89) | 0.54 (0.8) | 0.09 (−0.07, 0.25), 0.28 | 0.15 (−0.02, 0.32), 0.08 |
| Impairment | N (%) | 101 (37 %) | 57 (33 %) | 1.20 (0.80, 1.80), 0.37 | 1.28 (0.84, 1.96), 0.25 |
| Speed of information processing | |||||
| Deficit score | Mean (SD) | 0.31 (0.6) | 0.23 (0.48) | 0.08 (−0.03, 0.19), 0.15 | 0.11 (−0.02, 0.22), 0.07 |
| Impairment | N (%) | 45 (17 %) | 20 (12 %) | 1.52 (0.86, 2.67), 0.15 | 1.87 (1.03, 3.38), 0.04 |
| Learning | |||||
| Deficit score | Mean (SD) | 0.56 (0.74) | 0.67 (0.75) | −0.1 (−0.25, 0.04), 0.15 | −0.1 (−0.25, 0.05), 0.19 |
| Impairment | N (%) | 95 (35 %) | 66 (38 %) | 0.87 (0.59, 1.29), 0.49 | 0.96 (0.61, 1.49), 0.84 |
| Recall | |||||
| Deficit score | Mean (SD) | 0.57 (0.78) | 0.66 (0.71) | −0.08 (−0.23, 0.06), 0.27 | −0.04 (−0.18, 0.11), 0.62 |
| Impairment | N (%) | 81 (30 %) | 58 (34 %) | 0.85 (0.56, 1.27), 0.42 | 0.90 (0.60, 1.37), 0.64 |
| Working memory | |||||
| Deficit score | Mean (SD) | 0.54 (0.77) | 0.46 (0.69) | 0.09 (−0.05, 0.23), 0.23 | 0.15 (0, 0.3), 0.05 |
| Impairment | N (%) | 78 (29 %) | 43 (25 %) | 1.22 (0.79, 1.88), 0.38 | 1.49 (0.9, 2.46), 0.12 |
| Motor functioning | |||||
| Deficit score | Mean (SD) | 0.47 (0.89) | 0.46 (0.85) | 0.01 (−0.16, 0.18), 0.90 | 0.06 (−0.12, 0.24), 0.52 |
| Impairment | N (%) | 61 (23 %) | 37 (21 %) | 1.07 (0.68, 1.7), 0.77 | 1.10 (0.69, 1.77), 0.69 |
Higher values indicate worse performance. In analyses of continuous outcomes, ΔE-L indicates the difference between the EFV (E) and LPV/r (L) groups: Positive values indicate that EFV users performed worse than LPV/r users, and negative values indicate the opposite. In analyses of binary impairment outcomes, odds ratios (ORs) >1.0 indicate that EFV users performed worse than LPV/r users and ORs <1.0 indicate the opposite. p Values <0.10 are indicated in bold font
Covariates in adjusted analysis: 3TC, ABC, D4T, FTC, TDF, ZDV, adherence, age, AIDS, ART duration, CPE of current regimen, current CD4+ Tcells, current CD4+ T cells <200/mm3, HCV serostatus, HIV duration, HIV RNA plasma, nadir CD4+ T cells, nadir CD4+ T cells <200/mm3, peak HIV plasma HIV RNA, ART history prior to the current regimen, total ART drugs ever used