Table 1.
Summary of clinical characteristics of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients with and without HS.
| ID | Sex | Age of Onset | Age at Surgery | Medical History | AED (at time of surgery) | Sz Types | Side | MRI summary | Pathology summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTLE-1-HS | M | 3–4 yrs | 46 yrs | FS @3–4 yrs. No head injury, no infections. Fam Hx: maternal GF and sister | VPA, LTG, LEV | CPSz | L | Consistent with left MTS. | Consistent with left MTS. ILAE HS type 1. Granule cell dispersion. |
| MTLE-2 | M | 36 yrs | 53 yrs | No FS, no head injury, no infections. Fam Hx: unknown/adopted | Pheno, PHT, LEV | CPSz, GTCSz (usually when non-med compliant) | L | No evidence for MTS. | No evidence for MTS. FCD type IIa. |
| MTLE-3-HS | F | 5 yrs | 27 yrs | Head injury @5 yrs (uncertain if LOC) with seizure onset (SE) 2 wks later. No FS. Fam Hx: none | CBZ, LEV, LCM | Intractable Sz disorder | R | Consistent with right MTS. | Consistent with right MTS. ILAE HS type 2. Meningitis w/secondary vasculitis - uncertain if acute (due to grid placement) or chronic. |
| MTLE-4 | M | 10 yrs | 25 yrs | Risk factor: head injury w/LOC @4yrs old. No FS, no infections. Fam Hx: none | LEV, LCM | CPSz | L | No evidence for MTS. | No evidence for MTS. FCD type IIb. |
| MTLE-5-HS | F | 16 yrs | 36 yrs | Head injury w/LOC @16yrs. No FS, no infections. Fam Hx: daughter w/FS | LEV, ZON | CPSz | L | No evidence for MTS. | Consistent with left MTS. ILAE HS type 2. Granule cell dispersion. FCD type IIIa. |
| MTLE-6-HS | F | 2 yrs | 36 yrs | No FS, no head injury, no infections. Fam Hx: none | OXC | CPSz, intractable | L | Consistent with left MTS. | Consistent with left MTS. ILAE HS type 2. |
| MTLE-7 | F | 18 mos | 45 yrs | Born “2 months” premature, twin pregnancy. No FS, no head injury, no infections. Fam Hx: none | LTG | CPSz, GTCSz, Intractable Sz | L | No evidence for MTS. | No evidence for MTS. |
| MTLE-8-HS | M | 20 yrs | 49 yrs | Head injury w/LOC at 2yrs of age, 1wk prior to sz onset. No FS, no infections. Fam Hx: paternal GF | LTG | Episodic alteration of consciousness | R | Unclear findings. | Consistent with right MTS. ILAE HS type 2. FCD type IIIa. |
| MTLE-9 | M | 17 yrs | 33 yrs | Born at 36 wks, birth complicated by collapsed lung. No FS, no head injury, no infections. Fam Hx: maternal aunt and maternal 1st cousin | CBZ monotherapy | CPSz, with rare GTCSz | R | No evidence for MTS. | No evidence for MTS. |
| MTLE-10 | F | 12 yrs | 33 yrs | No FS, no head injury, no infections. Fam Hx: maternal cousin | OXC | CPSz, intractable | L | No evidence for MTS. | No evidence for MTS. FCD type Ib. |
| MTLE-11 | M | 5 yrs | 19 yrs | No FS, no head injury, no infections. Fam Hx: none | LTG, PGB | Focal seizures | R | No evidence for MTS. | No evidence for MTS. Vascular Malformation. |
| MTLE-12 | F | 9 yrs | 56 yrs | No FS, no head injury, no infections. Fam Hx: none | LEV, LCM | CPSz, GTC (rare) | R | Faint T2 hyperintensity in R temporal lobe. | No evidence for MTS. FCD type Ib. |
*
CBZ=carbamazepine; CPSz = complex partial seizures; FCD= focal cortical dysplasia. FS= febrile seizures; GTCSz= generalized tonic-clonic seizures; LCM= lacosamide; LEV=levetiracetam; LOC= loss of consciousness; LTG=lamotrigine; MTS=mesial temporal sclerosis; OXC=oxcarbazepine; PGB=pregabalin; Pheno=phenobarbital; ZON=zonisamide