T-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor mibefradil sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin. (A) A2780, SKOV3.ip1, OVCAR3, ES2, A2780Cis or IGROV-1 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of Mib for 24 hours followed by 24 hours of treatment with the indicated concentrations of carboPt, and growth was determined by CyQuant assay (for A2780, SKOV3.ip1, OVCAR-3, ES2 cells) and SRB assay (for A2780Cis, IGROV-1). Graphs represent data from ≥ two independent experiments ± SEM. (B) Representative histograms of A2780Cis cells treated for 24 hours with Mib (6 μmol/L), carboPt (3 μg/mL) or the combination of both and stained for Annexin V and PI. (C) Quantification of apoptosis induction in A2780Cis cells by the combined treatment of Mib (6 μmol/L) and carboPt (1, 3 or 10 μg/mL) as measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The percentage of apoptotic cells includes a sum of the early apoptosis (bottom right quadrant) and late apoptotic cells (top right quadrant). Graph represents data from > three independent experiments ± SEM; *, P < 0.05.