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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Front Neuroendocrinol. 2015 Nov 23;40:52–66. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.11.001

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Comparison of maternal care in rats under standard rearing conditions or following disruption. Removal of nesting materials from the home-cage is disruptive to maternal behavior at the level of frequency and pattern of care. Waffle chart indicating percentage of time spent in each behavior (one block = 1%). Frequency of abusive mother-infant interactions is increased following disruption and frequency of nurturing care (nursing and LG) is decreased following disruption. In addition, the pattern of behavior is altered. Home-cage disruptions lead to more fragmented bouts of maternal care due to frequent time not in contact with pups.