Table 1.

Definitions and Examples of Maternal Contingent Response Codes

Response Category	Response Type	Definition	Examples
	Acknowledgement	Conversational fillers	“oh, really” “mm hmm”
Language-promoting	Imitation	An approximate imitation of an infant vocalization or an expansion based on the sounds of the vocalization	“ta-ta” “bottle”
	Label	Providing the name of an object	“That’s a wand”
	Question	Any question	“you want more?”
	Attribute	Responses describing object characteristics or values any instructions sound effects or singing	“It’s the same color” “that one’s boring”
Non-promoting	Directive Play		“shake the rattle” “bam, bam!”

Note: coding scheme adapted from Gros-Louis et al. (2006).