Table 2.
Clothing-based wearables designed to monitor parameters related to the training and health of athletes.
| Device | Training parameters monitored | Health parameters monitored | Technology employed | Additional comments and scientific evaluation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zephyr Technology Corp. BioHarness™ 3 (Zephyr Technology Corp, 2015) | L, V, HR, HRR, HRV | Accelerometer, GPS, HR sensors woven into fabric | Aims to estimate core temperature by other parameters. HR measurement was reliable (r = ~0.91, p < 0.01, CV < 7.6) and precise (r = 0.61–0.67, p < 0.01) when participants performed a walk-jog-run protocol; error increases with increasing velocity (Johnstone et al., 2012). | |
| Carré Technologies Inc. Hexoskin© (Carrè Technologies Inc., 2015) | (D), HR, HRR; HRV | Accelerometer, expansion belts, three point ECG | Not specified if Hexoskin vest or smartphone App measures the parameter duration. The HR measurements showed low CV (%) of < 0.79 ±0.77 and high ICC of >0.96 at different walking speeds (Villar et al., 2015). | |
| Myontec MBody Bike&Run© (Myontec Ltd., 2015) | (D), (L), (V), HR, (F) | EMG, HR chestbelt | EMG technology not further specified, GPS from Smartphone | |
| Ralph Lauren the Polotech Shirt©(Ralph Lauren Media LLC, 2015) | (D), HR | Accelerometer, silver fabrics woven into shirt | ||
| LifeBEAM Smart Hat©(LifeBEAM) | HR | Accelerometer, photoplethysmograph | ||
| LifeBeam Smart Helmet©(LifeBEAM) | HR | Accelerometer, photoplethysmograph | ||
| BSXinsight XR2©(BSXinsight) | Lac | NIRS |
Abbreviations: CV, coefficient of variation; D, distance traveled; ECG, Electrocardiogram; EMG, Electromyography; F, neuromuscular fatigue; GPS, General Positioning System; HR, heart rate; HRV, variability of heart rate; HRR, heart rate recovery; ICC, Intraclass correlation coefficient; Lac, lactate threshold; L, duration of exercise; Slq, sleep quality; Slt, sleep time; V, velocity; (), with restrictions.