Figure 1.

Different incisions for thoracoscopic surgery. (A) A utility incision (2 cm) was made over the anterior axillary line at the 5^th intercostal space. Two accessory ports were placed at the 5^th and 8^th intercostal spaces in the posterior mid-axillary line, and mid-axillary line, respectively; (B) a 2-cm incision was created at the 5^th intercostal space in the anterior axillary line followed by wound protector placement; (C) a 2-cm incision was made over the subxiphoid area. The wound margin below the sternum was lifted with a retractor.