Table 2. Numeric pain rating scale [0–10] after surgery.

Variables	Subxyphoid single port	Transthoracic single port	Transthoracic two ports	P value
1 hour	1.79±1.72	3.00±1.70	4.65±2.15	0.0004
8 hours	0.50±0.76	1.62±2.04	4.76±2.02	<0.0001
16 hours	1.14±0.77	2.23±2.37	1.29±1.90	–
24 hours	1.15±0.69	1.64±0.99	2.31±0.79	0.0030
32 hours	0.31±0.48	0.64±1.22	2.14±0.95	<0.0001
40 hours	0.57±0.53	1.32±1.55	0.57±1.02	–
48 hours	1.25±0.50	1.14±0.90	1.36±1.03	–
56 hours	0.50±1.00	1.40±2.19	1.80±1.30	–
64 hours	0.50±0.58	0.60±0.89	0.33±0.58	–
72 hours	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	–
Average in 24 hours	0.94±0.32	1.82±1.00	2.79±1.00	<0.0001
Maximum in 24 hours	1.64±0.50	3.50±1.94	4.94±1.82	<0.0001
Before removal of chest tube	1.16±0.59	2.16±1.05	3.05±0.86	<0.0001
After removal of chest tube	0.70±0.50	0.88±0.56	1.14±0.74	–

–, means P value >0.05.