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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 9.
Published in final edited form as: Twin Res Hum Genet. 2013 Apr 8;16(3):670–678. doi: 10.1017/thg.2013.21

TABLE 1.

Items and Respective Endorsements of the SF-12 Version 1

Endorsements

Items Score PCS MCS
1 In general would you say your health is: Excellent (1) 0 0
Very good (2) −1.31872 −0.06064
Good (3) −3.02396 0.03482
Fair (4) −5.56461 −0.16891
Poor (5) −8.37399 −1.71175
The following two questions are about activities you might do during a typical day. Does your health now limit you in these activities? If so,
how much?
2 Moderate activities, such as moving a table, pushing a vacuum cleaner, bowling, or playing golf: Yes, limited a lot (1) −7.23216 3.93115
Yes, limited a little (2) −3.4555 1.86840
No, not limited at all (3) 0 0
3 Climbing several flights of stairs: Yes, limited a lot (1) −6.24397 2.68282
Yes, limited a little (2) −2.73557 1.42103
No, not limited at all (3) 0 0
During the past 4 weeks, have you had any of the following problems with your work or other regular activities as a result of your physical
health?
4 Accomplished less than you would like: Yes (1) −4.61617 1.44060
No (2) 0 0
5 Were limited in the KIND of work or other activities: Yes (1) −5.51747 1.66968
No (2) 0 0
During the past 4 weeks, were you limited in the kind of work you do or other regular activities as a result of any emotional problems (such
as feeling depressed or anxious)?
6 Accomplished less than you would like: Yes (1) 3.04365 −6.82672
No (2) 0 0
7 Didn’t do work or other activities as carefully as usual: Yes (1) 2.32091 −5.69921
No (2) 0 0
8 During the past 4 weeks, how much did pain interfere with your normal
work (including both work outside the home and housework)?
Not at all (1) 0 0
A little bit (2) −3.80130 0.90384
Moderately (3) −6.50522 1.49384
Quite a bit (4) −8.38063 1.76691
Extremely (5) −11.25544 1.48619
The next three questions are about how you feel and how things have been during the past 4 weeks. For each question, please give the one
answer that comes closest to the way you have been feeling. How much of the time during the past 4 weeks —
9 Have you felt calm and peaceful? All of the time (1) 0 0
Most of the time (2) 0.66514 −1.94949
A good bit of the time (3) 1.36689 −4.09842
Some of the time (4) 2.37241 −6.31121
A little of the time (5) 2.90426 −7.92717
None of the time (6) 3.46638 −10.19085
10 Did you have a lot of energy? All of the time (1) 0 0
Most of the time (2) −0.42251 −0.92057
A good bit of the time (3) −1.14387 −1.65178
Some of the time (4) −1.61850 −3.29805
A little of the time (5) −2.02168 −4.88962
None of the time (6) −2.44706 −6.02409
11 Have you felt downhearted and blue? All of the time (1) 4.61446 −16.15395
Most of the time (2) 3.41593 −10.77911
A good bit of the time (3) 2.34247 −8.09914
Some of the time (4) 1.28044 −4.49055
A little of the time (5) 0.41188 −1.95934
None of the time (6) 0 0
12 During the past 4 weeks, how much of the time has your physical health
or emotional problems interfered with your social activities (like
visiting with friends, relatives, etc.)?
All of the time (1) −0.33682 −6.29724
Most of the time (2) −0.94342 −8.26066
A good bit of the time (3) −0.18043 −5.63286
A little of the time (4) 0.11038 −3.13896
None of the time (5) 0 0