Figure 4.

SCWEA suppressed Ca²⁺ influx (A) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation (B) in l-Glu-exposed DPC12 cells (20×; Bar: 100 µm). Cells were pretreated with 4 and 8 µg/mL SCWEA for 3 h, followed by exposure to 25 mM l-Glu for another 12 h. The intracellular levels of Ca²⁺ and ROS were detected by Fluo-4-AM and DCFH-DA staining, respectively. The experiments were repeated three times.