Table 1.

The application of iPSCs and DiPSCs for DM therapy or DiPSC-based diabetic drug screening.

	iPSCs	References	DiPSCs	References
Application	Applied in cell based therapy in diabetes mellitus	[42]	Disease modeling of diabetes mellitus	[43]
	Transplantation in diabetic patient	[88,90]	Pathogenesis of disease genotype and phenotype	[43]
			Drug screening for treatment of diabetes mellitus	[42,43]
			Autologous cell replacement therapies in case of T2DM	[43,45]
Positive Points	Can overcome immune rejection	[14,15,16,17,18,19]	Overcome barrier of immune rejection	[42,43,45]
	Clinically safe	[14,15,16,42]	Identify genome aberration	[103,104]
	Ideal source for transplantation therapy	[111]	Gradually engrafted in transplantation	[83,88,89]
	Stably engrafted in transplantation	[88,89]	Secrete insulin upon glucose stimulation	[83]
	Secrete insulin according to the physiological and pathological condition	[83]
Negative Points	Generate complex cell population	[114]	Relatively low differentiation efficiency and high cost	[114]
	Lack of monitoring the safety and the long term efficacy	[115]	Immature phenotypes of derived islets	[38]
	Lack of understanding the signaling pathways that direct β cell maturation in vivo	[82,114]	Deficiency in monitoring the safety and the long term efficacy	[115]
	Teratoma formation	[38]	Sustained autoimmunity in T1D (not in T2D) can reject iPSC-derived islets	[114,116]