Table 1.
Background characteristics of study population by gender, rural Ethiopia, 2010
| Total | Women | Men | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Socio-demographic variables | |||||||
| Overall | 11,919 | 6278 | 52.7 | 5641 | 47.3 | ||
| Age group, year | |||||||
| 15–19 | 1342 | 11.3 | 770 | 12.3 | 572 | 10.1 | |
| 20–24 | 1785 | 15.0 | 1123 | 17.9 | 662 | 11.7 | |
| 25–29 | 2196 | 18.4 | 1357 | 21.6 | 839 | 14.9 | |
| 30–39 | 3635 | 30.5 | 1921 | 30.6 | 1714 | 30.4 | |
| 40+ | 2961 | 24.8 | 1107 | 17.6 | 1854 | 32.9 | |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married | 9400 | 78.9 | 4973 | 79.3 | 4427 | 78.5 | |
| Never married | 1860 | 15.6 | 758 | 12.1 | 1102 | 19.6 | |
| Divorced/Widowed | 651 | 5.5 | 542 | 8.6 | 109 | 1.9 | |
| Educational level | |||||||
| Never attended/<1 year | 6934 | 58.2 | 4386 | 70.9 | 2548 | 47.1 | |
| Primary | 2835 | 23.8 | 1183 | 19.1 | 1652 | 30.5 | |
| Secondary or higher | 1832 | 15.4 | 619 | 10.0 | 1213 | 22.4 | |
| Gender of household head | |||||||
| Female | 1794 | 15.1 | 1233 | 19.7 | 561 | 10.0 | |
| Male | 10,113 | 84.8 | 5041 | 80.4 | 5072 | 90.0 | |
| Occupation of household head | |||||||
| Farmer | 10,688 | 89.7 | 5599 | 90.3 | 5089 | 91.3 | |
| Gov't employee/merchant | 569 | 4.8 | 314 | 5.1 | 255 | 4.6 | |
| Other | 519 | 4.4 | 291 | 4.7 | 228 | 4.1 | |
| Religion | |||||||
| Orthodox | 4749 | 39.8 | 2493 | 39.8 | 2256 | 40.1 | |
| Islam | 4122 | 34.6 | 2170 | 34.6 | 1952 | 34.7 | |
| Protestant | 2527 | 21.2 | 1331 | 21.3 | 1196 | 21.3 | |
| Other | 494 | 4.1 | 270 | 4.3 | 224 | 4.0 | |
| Socio-economic status index | |||||||
| Low | 2084 | 17.5 | 1123 | 17.9 | 961 | 17.1 | |
| Low-middle | 4192 | 35.2 | 2233 | 35.6 | 1959 | 34.8 | |
| Middle | 3586 | 30.1 | 1863 | 29.7 | 1723 | 30.6 | |
| High-middle | 1720 | 14.4 | 884 | 14.1 | 836 | 14.8 | |
| High | 329 | 2.8 | 170 | 2.7 | 159 | 2.8 | |
| Settlement pattern | |||||||
| Pastoral/agro-pastoral | 1724 | 14.5 | 909 | 14.5 | 815 | 14.5 | |
| Agrarian | 10,195 | 85.5 | 5369 | 85.5 | 4826 | 85.6 | |
| Region | |||||||
| Tigray | 1152 | 9.7 | 622 | 9.9 | 530 | 9.4 | |
| Afar | 358 | 3.0 | 191 | 3.0 | 167 | 3.0 | |
| Amhara | 2677 | 22.5 | 1409 | 22.4 | 1268 | 22.5 | |
| Oromia | 2852 | 23.9 | 1461 | 23.3 | 1391 | 24.7 | |
| Benshangul-Gumuz | 644 | 5.4 | 330 | 5.3 | 314 | 5.6 | |
| SNNP | 2063 | 17.3 | 1052 | 16.8 | 1011 | 17.9 | |
| Gambela | 1128 | 9.5 | 649 | 10.3 | 479 | 8.5 | |
| Dire Dawa | 137 | 1.1 | 83 | 1.3 | 54 | 1.0 | |
| Harari | 170 | 1.4 | 93 | 1.5 | 77 | 1.4 | |
| Somali | 738 | 6.2 | 388 | 6.2 | 350 | 6.2 | |
| Behavioral variables | |||||||
| Risk partner in past 12 months | |||||||
| No | 11,694 | 98.1 | 6177 | 98.4 | 5517 | 97.8 | |
| Yes | 225 | 1.9 | 101 | 1.6 | 124 | 2.2 | |
| Self-perceived risk of HIV | |||||||
| No risk | 7128 | 59.8 | 3581 | 57.0 | 3547 | 62.9 | |
| Small risk | 1183 | 9.9 | 573 | 9.1 | 610 | 10.8 | |
| Moderate/great risk | 708 | 5.9 | 360 | 5.7 | 348 | 6.2 | |
| Don’t know | 2900 | 24.3 | 1764 | 28.1 | 1136 | 20.1 | |
| Believes HIV/AIDS is fatal | |||||||
| No | 2113 | 17.7 | 1336 | 21.3 | 777 | 13.8 | |
| Yes | 9806 | 82.3 | 4942 | 78.7 | 4864 | 86.2 | |
| Believes HIV/AIDS can be cured | |||||||
| No | 10,321 | 86.6 | 5458 | 86.9 | 4863 | 86.2 | |
| Yes | 1598 | 13.4 | 820 | 13.1 | 778 | 13.8 | |
| HIV/AIDS knowledge index | |||||||
| None | 4151 | 34.8 | 2597 | 41.4 | 1554 | 27.6 | |
| Low | 2592 | 21.7 | 1328 | 21.2 | 1264 | 22.4 | |
| Moderate | 3007 | 25.2 | 1455 | 23.2 | 1552 | 27.5 | |
| High | 2169 | 18.2 | 898 | 14.3 | 1271 | 22.5 | |
| HIV/AIDS stigma scale | |||||||
| No stigma | 4222 | 35.4 | 1907 | 30.4 | 2315 | 41.0 | |
| Low stigma | 2049 | 17.2 | 1020 | 16.3 | 1029 | 18.2 | |
| Moderate stigma | 3009 | 25.2 | 1671 | 26.6 | 1338 | 23.7 | |
| High stigma | 2639 | 22.1 | 1680 | 26.8 | 959 | 17.0 | |
| Talked with partner about HIV | |||||||
| No | 6436 | 54.0 | 3668 | 58.4 | 2768 | 49.1 | |
| Yes | 5483 | 46.0 | 2610 | 41.6 | 2873 | 50.9 | |
| Programmatic variables | |||||||
| Walking distance to HF | |||||||
| <=10 min | 9510 | 79.8 | 5016 | 79.9 | 4494 | 79.7 | |
| 10–30 min | 1639 | 13.8 | 861 | 13.7 | 778 | 13.8 | |
| 30+ minutes | 770 | 6.5 | 401 | 6.4 | 369 | 6.5 | |
| Proactively visited HEW | |||||||
| No | 7242 | 60.8 | 3839 | 62.5 | 3403 | 62.2 | |
| Yes | 4373 | 36.7 | 2304 | 37.5 | 2069 | 37.8 | |
| HEW visited home | |||||||
| No | 6511 | 54.6 | 3474 | 57.0 | 3037 | 55.9 | |
| Yes | 5016 | 42.1 | 2624 | 43.0 | 2392 | 44.1 | |
| Source of HIV information | |||||||
| Never exposed | 1207 | 10.1 | 833 | 13.3 | 374 | 6.6 | |
| Only to mass media | 745 | 6.3 | 338 | 5.4 | 407 | 7.2 | |
| Community conversations | 9967 | 83.6 | 5107 | 81.4 | 4860 | 86.2 | |
| Model-family | |||||||
| No | 11,221 | 94.1 | 5917 | 95.4 | 5304 | 95.1 | |
| Yes | 555 | 4.7 | 283 | 4.6 | 272 | 4.9 | |
| VHPs in village | |||||||
| No | 5594 | 46.9 | 2995 | 47.7 | 2599 | 46.1 | |
| Yes | 6325 | 53.1 | 3283 | 52.3 | 3042 | 53.9 | |