Table 2.
Result of logistic regression of the association between VCT uptake and explanatory factors by gender, rural Ethiopia 2010
| Women | Men | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | ||
| Socio-demographic variables | |||||||||
| Age group, year | |||||||||
| 15–19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 20–24 | 1.43 | 1.13–1.80 | 1.43 | 1.06–1.92 | 1.93 | 1.51–2.47 | 1.68 | 1.19–2.37 | |
| 25–29 | 1.07 | 0.80–1.44 | 1.13 | 0.73–1.76 | 1.99 | 1.50–2.63 | 1.84 | 1.26–2.68 | |
| 30–39 | 0.85 | 0.65–1.11 | 0.85 | 0.57–1.27 | 1.51 | 1.16–1.96 | 1.33 | 0.86–2.06 | |
| 40+ | 0.56 | 0.42–0.73 | 0.66 | 0.45–0.96 | 1.09 | 0.82–1.46 | 1.08 | 0.67–1.72 | |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Never married | 1.3 | 0.99–1.71 | 0.69 | 0.47–1.02 | 0.95 | 0.78–1.17 | 0.76 | 0.54–1.09 | |
| Divorced/Widowed | 1.38 | 1.01–1.90 | 1.11 | 0.71–1.75 | 0.86 | 0.42–1.76 | 1.03 | 0.47–2.26 | |
| Educational level | |||||||||
| Never attended/<1 year | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Primary | 2.41 | 1.90–3.06 | 1.71 | 1.29–2.26 | 2.04 | 1.56–2.68 | 1.68 | 1.35–2.09 | |
| Secondary and higher | 3.1 | 2.28–4.20 | 1.66 | 1.21–2.28 | 3.12 | 2.36–4.13 | 2.37 | 1.79–3.14 | |
| Gender of household head | |||||||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Male | 0.9 | 0.62–1.30 | 0.53 | 0.39–0.73 | 1.77 | 1.14–2.75 | 1.11 | 0.80–1.54 | |
| Occupation of household head | |||||||||
| Farmer | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Gov't employee/merchant | 2.58 | 1.79–3.70 | 1.65 | 1.13–2.41 | 1.95 | 1.46–2.61 | 1.41 | 0.89–2.24 | |
| Other | 1.02 | 0.60–1.72 | 1.29 | 0.64–2.59 | 0.66 | 0.39–1.11 | 1.06 | 0.53–2.12 | |
| Religion | |||||||||
| Orthodox | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Islam | 0.88 | 0.54–1.43 | 1.84 | 1.22–2.78 | 0.8 | 0.48–1.32 | 1.56 | 1.06–2.31 | |
| Protestant | 1.21 | 0.77–1.89 | 0.98 | 0.61–1.57 | 1.45 | 0.99–2.12 | 1.27 | 0.78–2.06 | |
| Other | 0.9 | 0.48–1.67 | 1.37 | 0.64–2.94 | 0.79 | 0.46–1.34 | 1.27 | 0.49–3.28 | |
| Socio-economic status index | |||||||||
| Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Low-middle | 1.44 | 1.04–2.00 | 1.24 | 0.94–1.64 | 1.52 | 1.07–2.16 | 1.21 | 0.88–1.66 | |
| Middle | 2.01 | 1.35–3.00 | 1.30 | 0.93–1.80 | 1.77 | 1.21–2.60 | 1.01 | 0.72–1.43 | |
| High–middle | 2.46 | 1.63–3.74 | 1.43 | 1.03–1.98 | 2.4 | 1.60–3.60 | 1.11 | 0.75–1.64 | |
| High | 4.48 | 2.53–7.94 | 1.86 | 1.12–3.09 | 3.36 | 1.99–5.68 | 1.3 | 0.73–2.29 | |
| Settlement pattern | |||||||||
| Pastoral | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Agrarian | 2.02 | 1.04–3.90 | 1.4 | 0.78–2.50 | 3.08 | 1.79–5.30 | 1.92 | 1.15–3.20 | |
| Region | |||||||||
| Tigray | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Afar | 0.35 | 0.18–0.67 | 0.38 | 0.14–1.00 | 0.31 | 0.18–0.56 | 0.43 | 0.16–1.2 | |
| Amhara | 0.42 | 0.22–0.82 | 0.69 | 0.41–1.16 | 0.56 | 0.29–1.1 | 0.84 | 0.46–1.54 | |
| Oromia | 0.26 | 0.14–0.47 | 0.34 | 0.16–0.74 | 0.36 | 0.19–0.68 | 0.4 | 0.18–0.85 | |
| Benshangul-Gumuz | 0.31 | 0.12–0.82 | 0.53 | 0.21–1.33 | 0.37 | 0.17–0.81 | 0.44 | 0.15–1.27 | |
| SNNP | 0.57 | 0.31–1.06 | 0.74 | 0.36–1.53 | 0.78 | 0.45–1.35 | 0.73 | 0.37–1.47 | |
| Gambela | 0.19 | 0.09–0.36 | 0.36 | 0.16–0.83 | 0.18 | 0.09–0.38 | 0.21 | 0.08–0.54 | |
| Dire Dawa | 0.75 | 0.17–3.26 | 1.81 | 0.46–7.10 | 0.67 | 0.41–1.11 | 1.92 | 0.82–4.52 | |
| Harari | 0.19 | 0.11–0.35 | 0.50 | 0.23–1.10 | 0.14 | 0.09–0.24 | 0.2 | 0.1–0.42 | |
| Somali | 0.02 | 0.01–0.07 | 0.03 | 0.01–0.11 | 0.03 | 0.01–0.08 | 0.08 | 0.03–0.21 | |
| Behavioral variables | |||||||||
| Risk partner in past 12 months | |||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 1.93 | 1.16–3.21 | 1.91 | 0.79–4.64 | 1.86 | 0.95–3.66 | 1.91 | 0.63–5.83 | |
| Self perceived risk of HIV | |||||||||
| No risk | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Small risk | 1.99 | 1.29–3.06 | 2.34 | 1.35–4.07 | 1.46 | 0.94–2.25 | 1.86 | 1.15–3.02 | |
| Moderate/great risk | 0.73 | 0.42–1.26 | 0.95 | 0.60–1.51 | 1.01 | 0.59–1.74 | 1.26 | 0.86–1.84 | |
| Don’t know | 0.25 | 0.17–0.36 | 0.73 | 0.50–1.09 | 0.27 | 0.19–0.40 | 0.62 | 0.42–0.90 | |
| Believes HIV/AIDS is fatal | |||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 3.71 | 2.58–5.34 | 0.88 | 0.61–1.28 | 3.52 | 2.50–5.00 | 1.27 | 0.89–1.82 | |
| Believes HIV/AIDS can be cured | |||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Yes | 1.25 | 0.91–1.73 | 0.94 | 0.69–1.27 | |||||
| HIV/AIDS knowledge index | |||||||||
| None | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Low | 3.45 | 2.43–4.91 | 1.50 | 1.06–2.13 | 2.71 | 1.86–3.93 | 1.50 | 1.05–2.15 | |
| Moderate | 4.51 | 3.12–6.51 | 1.57 | 1.11–2.23 | 3.71 | 2.45–5.63 | 1.56 | 1.05–2.33 | |
| Comprehensive knowledge | 8.39 | 5.37–13.11 | 2.32 | 1.45–3.72 | 5.98 | 3.85–9.30 | 1.96 | 1.23–3.13 | |
| HIV/AIDS stigma scale | |||||||||
| No stigma | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Low stigma | 0.68 | 0.51–0.90 | 0.84 | 0.65–1.09 | 0.59 | 0.47–0.74 | 0.70 | 0.56–0.87 | |
| Moderate stigma | 0.42 | 0.32–0.56 | 0.67 | 0.49–0.92 | 0.38 | 0.30–0.49 | 0.58 | 0.42–0.80 | |
| High stigma | 0.22 | 0.14–0.72 | 0.65 | 0.46–0.93 | 0.25 | 0.17–0.36 | 0.56 | 0.38–0.80 | |
| Talked with partner about HIV | |||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 4.5 | 3.58–5.7 | 2.27 | 1.86–2.77 | 3.93 | 2.94–5.25 | 2.09 | 1.61–2.71 | |
| Programmatic variables | |||||||||
| Walking distance to HF | |||||||||
| <=10 min | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 10–30 min | 0.55 | 0.37–0.81 | 0.76 | 0.60–0.97 | 0.76 | 0.57–1.02 | 0.80 | 0.64–1.00 | |
| 30+ minutes | 0.45 | 0.27–0.76 | 0.60 | 0.42–0.87 | 0.62 | 0.36–1.05 | 0.76 | 0.56–1.03 | |
| Proactively visited HEW | |||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 2.16 | 1.74–2.69 | 1.40 | 1.13–1.73 | 1.86 | >1.5–2.30 | 1.23 | 099–1.52 | |
| HEW visited home | |||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 2.16 | 1.66–2.81 | 1.22 | 0.97–1.54 | 2 | 1.55–2.60 | 1.22 | 0.98–1.53 | |
| Exposure to HIV information | |||||||||
| Never exposed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Only to mass media | 8.31 | 3.34–20.71 | 5.42 | 1.89–15.54 | 6.07 | 2.08–17.76 | 1.91 | 0.69–5.29 | |
| Community conversations | 19.68 | 8.61–45–02 | 5.92 | 2.38–14.72 | 12 | 4.55–31.59 | 2.52 | 0.96–6.65 | |
| Household graduated as model-family | |||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 3.06 | 2.09–4.48 | 1.50 | 1.03–2.18 | 4.34 | 2.81–6.70 | 2.65 | 1.72–4.07 | |
| VHPs in village | |||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 3.12 | 2.14–4.54 | 1.44 | 1.00–2.06 | 2.91 | 2.02–4.19 | 1.37 | 0.98–1.90 | |