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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 9.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2015 Feb 12;115(6):2225–2239. doi: 10.1021/cr500470n

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Dynamic DNA modifications in mammals mediated by TET and TDG. DNMTs can introduce a methyl group onto the C-5 position of the cytosine base. The 5mC modification can be oxidized to 5hmC/5fC/5caC in a stepwise manner by TET proteins. 5fC and 5caC can be readily excised by TDG to generate an abasic site, which can be repaired back to unmodified cytosine through the BER pathway.