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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 9.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2015 Feb 12;115(6):2225–2239. doi: 10.1021/cr500470n

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Proposed pathways to generate 5hmU in mammalian cells. TET proteins can oxidize thymine to 5hmU. TET proteins oxidize 5mC to 5hmC, which may be deaminated to 5hmU by AID/APOBEC1; 5hmU can be removed and repaired via BER in a proposed alternative demethylation pathway.