Table 4. Fully adjusted associations between the PBI and well-being indicators from age 13–15 to age 60–64.
| Happiness/sociability at age 13–15 (n = 3699 imputed) | Life been good at age 36 (n = 3295 imputed) | Satisfaction with home and family at age 43 (n = 3230 imputed) | Diener Satisfaction With Life Scale at age 60–64 (n = 2214 imputed) | Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing at age 60–64 (n = 1976 imputed) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Regression coefficient (SE) | Regression coefficient (SE) | |
| Paternal care | 1.11 (1.00,1.23)* | 1.20 (0.95,1.52) | 1.24 (1.13,1.36)** | 1.08 (0.20)** | 0.94 (0.30)** |
| Paternal care × female | −0.67 (0.38) | ||||
| Paternal behavioural control | 1.05 (0.92,1.20) | 0.94 (0.72,1.21) | 1.10 (0.99,1.23) | −0.32 (0.23) | −0.22 (0.30) |
| Paternal psychological control | 0.99 (0.88,1.10) | 0.78 (0.61,0.95)* | 0.98 (0.90,1.07) | 0.07 (0.19) | −0.67 (0.24)* |
| Maternal care | 0.91 (0.82,1.02) | 1.14 (0.92,1.41) | 1.02 (0.93,1.12) | 0.02 (0.19) | 0.15 (0.25) |
| Maternal behavioural control | 0.94 (0.82,1.06) | 1.03 (0.80,1.33) | 0.86 (0.78,0.96)* | −0.13 (0.22) | 0.28 (0.30) |
| Maternal psychological control | 0.94 (0.84,1.05) | 0.93 (0.76,1.14) | 0.92 (0.85,1.00)* | −0.20 (0.18) | −0.48 (0.24)* |
| Female gender | 0.94 (0.82,1.08) | 0.95 (0.67,1.34) | 1.26 (1.09,1.45)* | −0.12 (0.28) | 0.68 (0.38) |
| Childhood social class a | 0.94 (0.89,0.99)* | 0.81 (0.71,0.91)* | 1.04 (0.99,1.10) | 0.08 (0.10) | −0.07 (0.14) |
| Parental separation | 1.07 (0.81,1.41) | 0.83 (0.46,1.48) | 1.09 (0.82,1.45) | 0.48 (0.58) | 0.88 (0.78) |
| Mother’s neuroticism b | 1.00 (0.96,1.04) | 0.90 (0.81,0.99)* | 1.00 (0.96,1.05) | −0.06 (0.10) | −0.33 (0.12)* |
| Extraversion at age 26 | 1.09 (1.07,1.12)** | 1.02 (0.96,1.07) | 1.05 (1.03,1.08)** | 0.12 (0.04)* | 0.29 (0.06)** |
| Neuroticism at age 26 | 1.00 (0.98,1.02) | 0.91 (0.86,0.95)** | 0.97 (0.95,0.98)** | −0.20 (0.04)** | −0.28 (0.05)** |
**
p < 0.001
*
p < 0.05; CI confidence interval; SE standard error.
a
Based on father’s occupation with higher values indicating more disadvantaged class.
b
Based on Maudsley Personality Inventory with higher values indicating greater neuroticism.