Table 1.

An overview of Trypanosoma cruzi historical and contemporary nomenclatures.

Term	Technique								Ref.
DTU (current nomenclature)		I	II	III	IV	V	VI		[31]
	SL-IR, 24Sα rRNA, 18S rRNA, Cytb, Histone H2B, ITS1 rDNA, 18S rRNA, gGAPDH							TcBat	[32–34]
Putative intra-TcI subdivisions	SL-IR	Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie							[48–51]
	MLMT, mtMLST	IDOM							[52,53,70]
DTU†	MLEE, RAPD, 24Sα rRNA, 18S rRNA	I	IIb	IIc	IIa	IId	IIe		[45,46]
Zymodeme	MLEE	ZI	ZII	ZIII/ZI ASAT	ZIII	Bolivian ZII	Paraguayan ZII		[16,36,37,128,290–292]
	MLEE	ZB	ZA	ZC	ZD	ZB	ZB		[293,294]
	MLEE	Z2, 5, 7, 10 or 12	Z4 or 11			Z1, 3 or 9			[295]
	ITS-RFLP, 24Sα rRNA			ZIII-A	ZIII-B				[296]
Biodemes	MLEE	III	II			I	I		[171]
Clonet	MLEE	1–25	30–34	35–37	27–29	38, 39	40–43		[38]
Trypanosoma cruzi		T. cruzi I	T. cruzi II	T. cruzi	T. cruzi	T. cruzi	T. cruzi		[44]
Lineage	24Sα rRNA, SL-IR, RAPD	2	1			1/2	1/2		[41]
	24Sα rRNA, SL-IR	2	1	2′	2′	1	1		[42,43]
Clade	TR, DHFR-TS, COII-ND1	A	C	B	D	B + C	B + C		[60]
Riboclades	24Sα rRNA, 18S rRNA	2	1	3	4	3	1		[297]
Haplogroups	MLMT, 24Sα rRNA, COII, ND1, Cytb	ZZ	YY	XX		XY	XY		[54]
	TcMSH2	A	C				B		[298]
Group	Karyotyping	C	B		D	A	A		[154]
	SL-IR	II	I		I	I	I		[299]
Reference strain		Sylvio X10/1	Esm cl3	M5631 cl5	CanIII cl1	Sc43 cl1	CL Brener

^†Proposed by [47].

DHFR-TS: Dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase; gGAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MLEE: Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis; MLMT: Multilocus microsatellite typing; mtMLST: Maxicircle multilocus sequence typing; RAPD: Random amplification of polymorphic DNA; RFLP: Restriction fragment length polymorphism; SL-IR: Spliced-leader intergenic region; TR: Trypanothione reductase.