Table 6.
Summary of clinical publications which included genotyping to discrete typing unit level in immunosuppressed patients with Trypanosoma cruzi reactivation.
| Study region, country, year | Sample size and clinical classification | Type of clinical sample | Patient DTU | Genotyping methodology | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buenos Aires, Argentina (2005) | 1 HIV-Trypanosoma cruzi co-infected patient with CNS reactivation | Venous blood Brain biopsy |
Blood: TcV Brain: TcII/VI |
Nuclear SL-IR 24Sα rDNA A10 [135] |
[328] |
| Buenos Aires, Argentina (2008) | 1 HIV-T. cruzi co-infected patient with CNS reactivation | Venous blood CSF |
Blood: TcV/VI CSF: TcI |
Nuclear SL-IR, 24Sα rDNA A10 [135] |
[103] |
| Buenos Aires, Argentina (2009) | 10 HIV-T. cruzi co-infected patients with CNS reactivation | Different combinations of blood, CSF, brain tissue | 4 Pts (8, 9, 13, 17): blood TcV Pt10: blood TcV, brain TcII Pt11: blood TcI + TcV, CSF TcI Pt12: blood UD, brain TcV Pt14: blood TcV, CSF UD Pt15: CSF TcII/V/VI Pt16: blood UD |
Nuclear SL-IR 24Sα rDNA A10 [135] |
[329] |
| Buenos Aires, Argentina (2010) | 6 patients post-heart transplantation with reactivation in heart (1), skin (4), and heart and skin (1) | Blood, heart, skin | 4 patients with blood–skin: 2 TcI in both, 1 TcV in both, 1 TcI in blood, TcII/VI in skin 1 with blood-heart: TcV in both 1 with blood–heart–skin: TcVI in all |
Nuclear SL-IR 24Sα rDNA A10 [135] |
[104] |
| Argentina (2012) | 25 patients with reactivation due to HIV or post-cardiac transplant† | Blood, heart, skin, brain | Blood: 7 TcI, 1 TcII, 7 TcV, 1 TcII/VI, 4 TcV or V + II/VI, 1 TcVI Tissue: 4 TcI, 2 TcII, 2 TcV, 2 TcII/VI, 1 TcV or V + II/VI, 2 TcVI |
Nuclear SL-IR 24Sα rDNA A10 [135] |
[188] |
| Argentina (2013) | 5 recipients of contaminated organ transplants | Blood | Pt1A (lung): TcV or TcV + TcVI 3 Pts (1B, 2A, 3A; liver): TcV or TcV + TcVI Pt4A (kidney): TcV or TcV + TcVI |
Nuclear SL-IR 24Sα rDNA A10 [135] |
[330] |
| Brazil (2002) | 1 HIV-T. cruzi co-infected patient with CNS reactivation | Blood, CSF | Blood: T. cruzi II CSF: T. cruzi II |
Nuclear 24Sα rDNA [41] |
[331] |
| Brazil (1999) | 28 HIV-T. cruzi co-infected patients 18 T. cruzi infected patients |
Parasite cultures from xenodiagnosis | HIV+: 25 TcII (Clonet 30, 32), 1 TcV (39), 2 TcVI (43) HIV−: 17 TcII, 1 TcV |
Nuclear MLEE (21 loci) [324] RAPD [39] |
[332] |
| Colombia (2014) | 1 HIV-T. cruzi co-infected patient with CNS reactivation | Post-mortem heart and brain tissue | Mixed TcI sylvatic/TcIDOM in heart, only TcI sylvatic in brain | Nuclear SL-IR, 24Sα rDNA A10 [135] |
[333] |
†Unspecified degree of overlap with [104,328,329].
CSF: Cerebral spinal fluid; DTU: Discrete typing unit; MLEE: Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis; RAPD: Random amplification of polymorphic DNA; Pt: Patient; SL-IR: Spliced-leader intergenic region; UD: Undetectable.