Table 4.

Metabolic, biochemical, clinical, and colonic mucosal surface measures for rats after 14 weeks on Diet A and B with decreased fluorescent light (UV) (Study 3).

Dietary groups	Diet A (control)	Diet B (carbonyl stress and oxidative stress)
Number of animals	18	18
Metabolic measures
Weight gain (g)	180 ± 4	118 ± 4
Biochemistry measures
MDA concentration (mmol/L)
Serum	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.0
MG-derived AGEs (μg /L)
Serum	217 ± 16	241 ± 15
Clinical chemistry measures*
Total protein (g/L)	66 ± 0	68 ± 1
Albumin (g/L)	43 ± 0	43 ± 1
ALP (IU/L)	104 ± 3	203 ± 11
ALT (IU/L)	52 ± 1	57 ± 2
CK (IU/L)	389 ± 52	644 ± 68
Amylase (IU/L)	2723 ± 21	2468 ± 54
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.2 ± 0.0	3.2 ± 0.1
Glucose (mmol/L)	8.3 ± 0.1	8.8 ± 0.1
Creatinine (mmol/L)	24.7 ± 0.5	31.0 ± 1.3
Sodium (mmol/L)	142.0 ± 0.5	142.7 ± 0.7
Potassium (mmol/L)	4.7 ± 0.1	4.3 ± 0.0
Na/K Ratio (mmol/L)	30.7 ± 0.4	33.3 ± 0.4
Chlorine (mmol/L)	97.3 ± 0.3	93.7 ± 0.6
Calcium (mmol/L) *	2.85 ± 0.09	1.69 ± 0.03
Phosphorus (mmol/L)	2.1 ± 0.0	4.2 ± 0.2
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)	23.8 ± 0.6	17.7 ± 0.8
Magnesium (mmol/L)	0.7 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0
25-hydroxyvitamin D * (nmol/L)	42.5 ± 3.2	12.0 ± 0.7
Colon mucosal surface measures
Heterogeneous ACF/colon	0.7 ± 0.4	13.6 ± 3.5
Isolated lymphoid follicles/colon	0.6 ± 0.4	7.4 ± 1.4

¹Diets A and B as defined in Table 1. ILF = isolated lymphoid follicles; ACF = aberrant crypt foci. Values are shown as means ± SEM. Two sample 2-tailed test was performed. Heterogeneous ACF and isolated lymphoid follicles are scored per colon per animal.

^* Sample size 6 + 6 for all Clinical chemistry, except calcium (12 + 12) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (4 + 4).

^aSignificant as compared to animals on diet A based on nonparametric 2-tailed t-tests (p ≤ 0.05).

^bSignificant as compared to animals on diet A based on nonparametric 2-tailed t-tests (P ≤ 0.01).

^cSignificant as compared to animals on diet A based on nonparametric 2-tailed t-tests (P ≤ 0.001).