Table 3. Main effects by each participant.

Participant	Goal-setting					Self-monitoring					Linear time trend
	B	SE	p	95% CI	d (95% CI)	B	SE	p	95% CI	d (95% CI)	B	SE	p	95% CI
1	369	611	.53	−828, 1567	.16 (−.34, .66)	419	671	.51	−897, 1735	.17 (−.33, .67)	31	21	.08	−9, 71
2	−259	982	.66	−2183, 1666	−.32 (−.82, .18)	837	904	.35	−936, 2609	.43 (-.08, .93)	−10	30	.54	−69, 49
3	566	1051	.58	−1495, 2626	−.14 (−.64, .36)	758	940	.41	−1084, 2599	.47 (−.04, .97)	30	32	.31	−34, 93
4	683	1318	.61	−1900, 3265	.14 (−.36, .64)	1290	1333	.33	−1322, 3902	.36 (−.15, .86)	−86	36	.02	−156, −16
6	−263	1035	.46	−2291, 1766	.02 (−.47, .52)	574	937	.43	−1262, 2411	−.07 (−.57, .43)	4	24	.72	−44, 51
8	329	1179	.75	−1981, 2640	−.01 (−.50, .49)	126	1177	.78	−2181, 2432	−.32 (−.82, .18)	−82	32	.01	−144, −20
9	−362	823	.66	−1975, 1251	.34 (−.17, .84)	−191	1013	.61	−2176, 1794	.33 (−.17, .83)	−5	27	.61	−57, 48
10	768	788	.31	−777, 2312	.38 (−.13, .87)	1055	739	.15	−393, 2503	.32 (−.18, .82)	9	23	.54	−37, 55

Linear time trend was analysed using the original values with missing cases imputed because pre-whitening would remove the effect being tested, while goal-setting and self-monitoring were analysed using the pre-whitened values with missing cases imputed. For the goal-setting and self-monitoring analyses, pre-whitening was required twice for participant two (at lag1 for imputations 2 and 5), once for participant three (at lag1 for imputation 1), three times for participant 6 (at lag1 for imputations 3–5), once for participant 8 (at lag2 for imputation 4), once for participant 9 (at lag4 for imputation 1) and twice for participant 10 (at lag1 for imputation 2 and lag5 for imputation 3). For participant 1, pre-whitening was required in four instances (at lag1 for imputations 2–5). However, in three instances, pre-whitening did not successfully remove significant autocorrelation (imputations 2 and 4–5). Therefore, we conducted a sensitivity analysis whereby the combined results of including all five imputations (one with no autocorrelation and four pre-whitened at lag1) were compared with only including the two imputations where pre-whitening was successfully removed (one with no autocorrelation and one pre-whitened at lag1). In the table, we report the results with all five imputations combined. When only the two imputations that had autocorrelation successfully removed with pre-whitening were included, the combined results were weaker for both goal-setting (B = 156, SE = 568, p = .74, 95% CI = −958, 1270) and self-monitoring (B = 111, SE = 528, p = .78, 95% CI = −925, 1146). The effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were calculated using the means and standard deviations of the original data before imputation of missing cases.