Table 1.
Altered risk of zinc deficiency ± CI under elevated [CO2] (550 p.p.m.) scenario, calculated regionally.
| VARIABLE | High- income |
Southern and Tropical L. America |
Central and Andean L. America and Carib. |
Central
and Eastern Europe |
Central Asia, North Africa and Middle East |
Sub- Saharan Africa |
South Asia | India | East and Southeast Asia and Pacific |
China | Global |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Countries | 30 | 5 | 27 | 20 | 28 | 48 | 5 | 1 | 21 | 3 | 188 |
| Population (millions) | 937.2 | 249.4 | 301.4 | 330.1 | 481.4 | 757.8 | 355.0 | 1140.5 | 606.8 | 1337.7 | 6497.5 |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 3423.9 | 3031.4 | 2835.7 | 3285.8 | 3089.2 | 2350.5 | 2233.7 | 2295.2 | 2585.2 | 2905.0 | 2776.2 |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 12.8 (12.7, 12.9) | 11.9 (11.8, 12.0) | 10.3 (10.2, 10.4) | 11.2 (11.1, 11.3) | 13.1 (13.0, 13.2) | 8.0 (7.9, 8.1) | 9.0 (8.9, 9.1) | 9.3 (9.1, 9.5) | 8.6 (8.5, 8.7) | 13.2 (13.0, 13.4) | 10.9 (10.8, 11.1) |
| Phytate (mg/d) | 1162.2 (1158.8, 1165.6) | 1162.0 (1157.4, 1166.6) | 1881.7 (1880.1, 1883.3) | 1183.0 (1176.1, 1189.9) | 2702.7 (2680.3, 2725.1) | 1777.3 (1776.3, 1778.3) | 1981.2 (1953.4, 2009.0) | 2286.4 (2248.5, 2324.3) | 1436.0 (1434.6, 1437.4) | 1440.0 (1427.0, 1453.0) | 1707.3 (1699.8, 1714.8) |
| Absorbable zinc (mg/d) | 3.27 (3.26, 3.28) | 3.17 (3.16, 3.18) | 2.47 (2.45, 2.49) | 3.04 (3.03, 3.05) | 2.48 (2.47, 2.49) | 2.10 (2.09, 2.11) | 2.18 (2.17, 2.19) | 2.11 (2.09, 2.13) | 2.41 (2.40, 2.42) | 3.12 (3.10, 3.14) | 2.65 (2.64, 2.66) |
| % mean physiological requirement | 158.6 (158.3, 158.9) | 162.2 (161.5, 162.9) | 129.9 (129.0, 130.8) | 146.2 (145.7, 146.8) | 129.4 (129.1, 129.7) | 118.9 (118.1, 119.8) | 118.2 (117.6, 118.8) | 110.3 (109.2, 111.4) | 124.4 (123.7, 125.1) | 153.2 (152.4, 154.0) | 135 (134.7, 135.3) |
| Estimated % of pop. with inadequate zinc intake | 8.1(8.0, 8.2) | 6.9 (6.7, 7.1) | 19 (18.4, 19.6) | 10.6 (10.4, 10.8) | 19.6 (19.4, 19.8) | 29.5 (28.6, 30.4) | 27.3 (26.6, 28.0) | 35.4 (34.0, 36.8) | 24.6 (23.8. 25.4) | 8.4 (8.2, 8.6) | 19.5 (19.2, 19.8) |
| Absolute % increase in population with inadequate zinc intake | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.6) | 2.0 (1.4, 2.6) | 1.0 (.8, 1.2) | 2.5 (2.3, 2.7) | 3.9 (3.0, 4.8) | 2.9 (2.2, 3.6) | 4.2 (2.8, 5.6) | 2.4 (1.6, 3.2) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 2.1 (1.8, 2.3) |
| Relative % increase in population with inadequate zinc intake | 6.9 (6.0, 7.8) | 6.5 (4.1, 8.9) | 11.1 (7.8, 14.4) | 10.2 (8.2, 12.2) | 14.6 (13.2, 16.0) | 14.9 (11.6, 18.2) | 12.2 (9.8, 14.6) | 13.4 (9.0, 17.8) | 10.4 (7.8, 13.0) | 7.3 (4.6, 10.0) | 10.6 (9.5, 11.7) |
| Population newly at risk of inadequate zinc intake (millions) | 5.4 (4.5, 6.2) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) | 5.9 (4.2, 7.7) | 3.3 (2.8, 3.9) | 12.2 (11.1, 13.2) | 29.7 (22.6, 36.8) | 10.4 (8.0, 12.8) | 47.8 (32.1, 63.5) | 14.8 (10.1, 19.5) | 7.8 (5.1, 10.5) | 138.4 (120.0, 156.8) |
Data are presented first for high-income countries, and then by region with China and India broken out separately because of their population size. Data are weighted by national population sizes and are for 188 countries. Regional classifications are based on the reporting regions of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 Study, and are grouped according to geographical location and dietary patterns. Absorbable zinc is mathematically related to dietary phytate and zinc according to the Miller equation.