Table 1. Neurodevelopmental assessment toolbox in high-risk children ≤2 years of age.

Developmental domain	Tool types	Measure examples
Hearing	Auditory brainstem responses, otoacoustic emissions	Amplitude, latency, range of sound processing
Vision	Standardised exams, preverbal function tests	Acuity, contrast sensitivity, resolution of images
Somatosensory	Evoked potentials (time-locked EEG)	Amplitude, latency, topography of response to tactile stimuli
Motor	Developmental milestones, standardised movement or neurological assessments	Standardised scores, normative patterns, milestone acquisition
Oro-motor/feeding	Imaging, pressure and impedance, electrophysiology studies	Qualitative and quantitative measures of phases of feeding and gastrointestinal motility
Communication	Standardised assessments, interaction measurements	Composite scores, referenced performance times
Speech/language	Vocabulary quantitation, picture word recognition, gaze timing	Scaled or standardised scores, performance times on look/listen tasks
Cognition	Standardised assessment batteries	Standardised scores (population specific)
Executive function	Directed tasks	Performance on plexiglass barrier task, object permanence

Research tool indicated in italics.