Table 5 .
Pooled analyses of trials of dietary sources of calcium and calcium supplements
| Time point (years) | Trials of dietary sources of calcium | Calcium supplement trials | P (interaction)† | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies | Participants | BMD difference* (95% CI) | P value | Studies | Participants | BMD difference* (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Lumbar spine | ||||||||||
| 1 | 11 | 1260 | 0.6 (−0.1 to 1.3) | 0.08 | 27 | 3866 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) | <0.001 | 0.13 | |
| 2 | 8 | 816 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.2) | 0.001 | 21 | 6115 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | <0.001 | 0.19 | |
| >2.5 | 0 | — | — | — | 8 | 3861 | 1.0 (0.3 to 1.6) | 0.003 | — | |
| Femoral neck | ||||||||||
| 1 | 8 | 1035 | 0.3 (−0.3 to 0.9) | 0.30 | 19 | 2651 | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.8) | <0.001 | 0.02 | |
| 2 | 7 | 783 | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.6) | <0.001 | 14 | 2415 | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.4) | <0.001 | 0.05 | |
| >2.5 | 0 | — | — | — | 5 | 2257 | 1.5 (0.2 to 2.9) | 0.025 | — | |
| Total hip | ||||||||||
| 1 | 6 | 900 | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.0) | 0.001 | 7 | 1159 | 1.4 (0.6 to 2.3) | 0.001 | 0.08 | |
| 2 | 5 | 689 | 1.5 (0.7 to 2.4) | <0.001 | 7 | 4366 | 1.3 (0.8 to 1.8) | <0.001 | 0.63 | |
| >2.5 | 0 | — | — | — | 6 | 3835 | 1.2 (0.5 to 1.9) | 0.001 | — | |
| Forearm | ||||||||||
| 1 | 4 | 418 | 0.0 (−0.4 to 0.5) | 0.85 | 10 | 791 | 1.0 (0.2 to 1.8) | 0.014 | 0.04 | |
| 2 | 2 | 171 | 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.4) | 0.65 | 10 | 857 | 1.5 (0.5 to 2.6) | 0.005 | 0.01 | |
| >2.5 | 0 | 5 | 437 | 1.8 (0.2 to 3.4) | 0.025 | |||||
| Total Body | ||||||||||
| 1 | 3 | 433 | 1.0 (0.3 to 1.8) | 0.009 | 10 | 1255 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) | <0.001 | 0.47 | |
| 2 | 2 | 358 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.3) | <0.001 | 6 | 3901 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.1) | <0.001 | 0.67 | |
| >2.5 | 0 | — | — | — | 7 | 4164 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.1) | <0.001 | — | |
*Weighted mean difference between groups in percentage change in bone mineral density (BMD) from baseline.
†Test for interaction between subgroup of trials of dietary sources of calcium and subgroup of calcium supplement trials.