Table 1. Characteristics of adult severe, acute respiratory infection (SARI) patients and those with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection in Jingzhou, China, April 5, 2010 –April 8, 2012.
| Characteristics1 | All adult SARI patients (n = 1,790) | Adult SARI patients with influenza virus infection (n = 281) | Adult SARI patients without influenza virus infection (n = 1,423) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 1,062 (60) | 170 (60) | 835 (59) | 0.571 |
| Age group | 0.609 | |||
| 15–49 years | 617 (35) | 93 (33) | 495 (35) | |
| 50-64years | 454 (25) | 77 (27) | 360 (25) | |
| ≥65 years | 719 (40) | 111 (40) | 568 (40) | |
| underlying medical condition | ||||
| At least one2 | 866 (48) | 145 (52) | 667 (47) | 0.147 |
| hypertension | 314 (18) | 40 (14) | 249 (17) | 0.183 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 199 (11) | 34 (12) | 158 (11) | 0.629 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 148 (8) | 27 (10) | 111 (8) | 0.310 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 116 (6) | 20 (7) | 88 (6) | 0.557 |
| Diabetes | 86 (5) | 12 (4) | 71 (5) | 0.609 |
| Asthma | 61 (3) | 17 (6) | 42 (3) | 0.009 |
| Obesity3 | 16/1,737 (1) | 3/278 (1) | 12/1,378 (1) | 0.947 |
| Received seasonal trivalent influenza vaccination in the past year | 0.100 | |||
| Yes | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | |
| No | 1,053 (59) | 150 (54) | 841 (59) | |
| Unknown | 735 (41) | 130 (46) | 581 (41) | |
| Exposure history | ||||
| Currently smoke | 259 (14) | 42 (15) | 204 (14) | 0.790 |
| Contact with anyone else with fever or respiratory symptoms in the past two weeks4 | 0.536 | |||
| Yes | 21 (1) | 4 (1) | 15 (1) | |
| No | 967 (54) | 142 (51) | 767 (54) | |
| Unknown | 802 (45) | 135 (48) | 641 (45) | |
| Contact with sick or dead poultry in the past two weeks | 0.375 | |||
| Yes | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | |
| No | 1,079 (60) | 157 (56) | 855 (60) | |
| Unknown | 710 (40) | 124 (44) | 567 (40) | |
| Visit live poultry market in the past two weeks | 0.518 | |||
| Yes | 38 (2) | 6 (2) | 25 (2) | |
| No | 1,013 (57) | 149 (53) | 806 (57) | |
| Unknown | 739 (41) | 126 (45) | 592 (42) | |
| Symptoms at hospital admission | ||||
| Cough | 1,382 (77) | 249 (89) | 1,062 (75) | <0.001 |
| Sputum production | 874 (49) | 171 (61) | 653 (46) | <0.001 |
| Sore throat | 340 (19) | 58 (21) | 259 (18) | 0.337 |
| Dyspnoea | 250 (14) | 54 (19) | 184 (13) | 0.005 |
| Rhinorrhoea | 86 (5) | 18 (6) | 62 (4) | 0.138 |
| Signs at hospital admission | ||||
| Temperature ≥38.0°C | 997 (56) | 167 (59) | 797 (56) | 0.290 |
| Abnormal breath sounds on auscultation | 1,023 (57) | 178 (63) | 806 (57) | 0.038 |
| Shortness of breath | 225 (13) | 35 (13) | 181 (13) | 0.903 |
| Had chest radiograph performed | 1,619 (90) | 257 (92) | 1,282 (90) | 0.479 |
| Radiographic diagnosis of pneumonia | 1,216/1,619 (75) | 183/257 (71) | 979/1,282 (76) | 0.079 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Reported taking antibiotics for current illness prior to hospital admission | 0.106 | |||
| Yes | 806 (45) | 136 (48) | 622 (44) | |
| No | 587 (33) | 77 (27) | 482 (34) | |
| Unknown | 397 (22) | 68 (24) | 319 (22) | |
| Received antibiotics during hospitalization | 1782 (100) | 281 (100) | 1415 (99) | 0.208 |
| Received corticosteroid treatment during hospitalization | 503 (28) | 88 (31) | 389 (27) | 0.174 |
| Received oseltamivir during hospitalization | 5 (0) | 1 (0) | 3 (0) | 1.000 |
| Admitted to ICU5 | 133 (7) | 21 (8) | 108 (8) | 0.946 |
| Clinical course, median days (IQR6) | ||||
| From illness onset to hospital admission | 1 (4) | 2 (4) | 1 (4) | 0.030 |
| From hospital admission to discharge or death | 9 (8) | 8 (7) | 9 (8) | 0.036 |
| Clinical outcome | ||||
| Died during hospitalization | 26 (2) | 3 (1) | 20 (1) | 0.654 |
| Died within 30 days after discharge | 28 (2) | 4 (1) | 24 (2) | 0.751 |
1Data is presented as no. (%) of patients unless otherwise indicated. Denominators for testing of fewer patients than full group are indicated. Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding.
2 At least one underlying medical condition defined as an admission diagnosis of any of the following: hypertension, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma, Tuberculosis, or renal dysfunction.
3Body-mass index (BMI) was calculated for patients with available height and weight data to assess obesity (defined as BMI>28)
4Contact with anyone else with fever or respiratory symptoms defined as having been in close contact (within one meter) or direct contact with a person with fever or respiratory symptoms
5ICU, intensive care unit.
6IQR, interquartile range.