Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the multiethnic sample of smokers.

n = 2,239		African Americans		Native Hawaiians		Whites		Latinos		Japanese Americans
		n	Mean [SE]	n	Mean [SE]	n	Mean [SE]	n	Mean [SE]	n	Mean [SE]
Age (yrs)	All	364	64.86 [0.38] *	311	61.36 [0.41] ***	437	63.69 [0.35]	453	65.53 [0.34] ***	674	63.60 [0.29]
	Male	111	63.49 [0.65]	114	63.08 [0.64]	190	63.36 [0.50]	237	66.43 [0.45]	388	63.62 [0.36]
	Female	253	65.39 [0.47]	197	60.28 [0.54]	247	63.92 [0.48]	216	64.58 [0.51]	286	63.69 [0.47]
CPDa	All	364	11.72 [0.48] ***	311	15.52 [0.52] ***	437	18.02 [0.43]	453	9.31 [0.43] ***	674	13.76 [0.37] ***
	Male	111	11.98 [0.91] ***	114	17.00 [0.91] **	190	21.00 [0.70]	237	10.87 [0.64] ***	388	15.58 [0.51] ***
	Female	253	10.79 [0.53] ***	197	14.27 [0.61]	247	15.47 [0.53]	216	8.14 [0.57] ***	286	12.05 [0.53] ***
TNEb	All	364	44.94 [2.00] ***	311	30.61 [1.48]	437	34.44 [1.38]	453	31.28 [1.25]	674	25.08 [0.86] ***
	Male	111	47.97 [3.85]	114	33.04 [2.65] *	190	42.55 [2.64]	237	33.76 [1.91] *	388	27.99 [1.25] ***
	Female	253	41.20 [2.16] ***	197	28.86 [1.71]	247	28.90 [1.51]	216	29.65 [1.67]	286	22.76 [1.20] **
Creatininec	All	364	90.18 [2.87]***	311	59.08 [2.03]	437	57.66 [1.66]	453	70.63 [2.01]***	674	52.66 [1.24]*
	Male	111	110.4 [6.44]***	114	72.88 [4.22]	190	71.85 [3.26]	237	84.24 [3.43]**	388	65.66 [2.07]
	Female	253	75.46 [2.81]***	197	49.37 [2.08]	247	47.70 [1.78]	216	61.03 [2.44]***	286	43.18 [1.53]
SPMA/mld	All	354	3.69 [0.2] ***	296	2.42 [0.14]	418	2.67 [0.13]	431	2.86 [0.14]	601	1.65 [0.07] ***
	Male	109	4.52 [0.44]**	110	2.42 [0.24]	182	3.09 [0.24]	225	2.78 [0.19]	355	1.73 [0.09] ***
	Female	245	3.34 [0.22]**	186	2.33 [0.17]	236	2.42 [0.16]	206	2.93 [0.20] *	246	1.60 [0.10] ***
SPMA/mge	All	354	4.06 [0.19]	296	4.06 [0.21]	418	4.56 [0.19]	431	3.96 [0.17] *	601	3.05 [0.11] ***
	Male	109	4.10 [0.34]	110	3.32 [0.28] *	182	4.16 [0.28]	225	3.20 [0.19] **	355	2.56 [0.12] ***
	Female	245	4.38 [0.24]	186	4.68 [0.29]	236	5.05 [0.28]	206	4.75 [0.28]	246	3.61 [0.20] ***

^a CPD = cigarettes/day; least square means for CPD have been adjusted for BMI, age (and gender where appropriate).

^b TNE (total nicotine equivalents) is the sum of total nicotine, total cotinine, total 3′-hydroxycotinine, and nicotine N-oxide expressed as nmol/ml; geometric least square means for TNE have been adjusted for BMI, age (and gender where appropriate).

^c Creatinine expressed as mg/dl; geometric least square means of creatinine have been adjusted for BMI, age, TNE (and gender where appropriate).

^d SPMA (S-Phenyl mercapturic Acid) expressed as pmol/ml; geometric least square means of SPMA have been adjusted for BMI, age, TNE (and gender where appropriate).

^e SPMA expressed as pmol/mg creatinine; geometric least square means of SPMA have been adjusted for BMI, age, TNE (and gender where appropriate).

* P-values across ethnic groups (with Whites as the reference) were indicated where significant as *p < 0.05

**p<0.005 and

***p<0.0005.