Table 2.

Locations of gray matter concentration differences in controls compared with subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prior and following 6 and 12 months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment.

Brainstem region	MNI co-ordinate			Cluster size	F-score	Mean (±SEM) signal intensity change
	x	y	z			controls	OSA pre-CPAP	OSA 6 m CPAP	OSA 12 m CPAP
Raphe/Right RVLM	2	−34	−47	187	12.95	0.24 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.02*	0.16 ± 0.02*†	0.23 ± 0.02‡‡
	6	−38	−46
Left RVLM	−5	−39	−46	10	10.16	0.24 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.03*	0.20 ± 0.02†	0.25 ± 0.02‡‡
dlPons
Left	13	−39	−37	852	57.38	0.14 ± 0.02	0.19 ± 0.02*	0.09 ± 0.01*†	0.08 ± 0.01*†
Right	−10	−32	−33	50	22.15	0.16 ± 0.02	0.22 ± 0.02*	0.12 ± 0.01†	0.12 ± 0.01†
Ventral midbrain	−2	−27	−18	120	26.56	0.17 ± 0.02	0.21 ± 0.02	0.13 ± 0.01*†	0.14 ± 0.01†‡

Locations are given in Montreal Neurological Institute space.

^*Significantly different to controls.

^†Significantly different to OSA pre-CPAP.

^‡Significantly different to OSA 6 months CPAP (p < 0.05).

dlPons, dorsolateral pons; RVLM, rostral ventrolateral medulla.