Table 1.
General characteristics of study participants at baseline (2009) (n=7368)
| Permanent employment (n=2210) | Precarious employment (n=1805) | Unemployment (n=3353) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | p Value | |
| Age (years) | <0.001 | |||
| ≤24 | 42 (9.1) | 112 (24.3) | 307 (66.6) | |
| 25–34 | 646 (42.0) | 313 (20.4) | 579 (37.6) | |
| 35–44 | 847 (43.9) | 450 (23.3) | 634 (32.8) | |
| 45–54 | 466 (33.8) | 450 (32.6) | 464 (33.6) | |
| ≥55 | 209 (10.2) | 480 (23.3) | 1369 (66.5) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | |||
| Men | 1461 (47.1) | 799 (25.7) | 843 (27.2) | |
| Women | 749 (17.6) | 1006 (23.6) | 2510 (58.9) | |
| Region | <0.001 | |||
| Rural | 281 (21.2) | 226 (17.0) | 819 (61.8) | |
| City | 830 (33.4) | 597 (24.0) | 1059 (42.6) | |
| Metropolitan | 622 (29.4) | 578 (27.3) | 916 (43.3) | |
| Seoul | 477 (33.1) | 404 (28.1) | 559 (38.8) | |
| Education | <0.001 | |||
| College | 1247 (43.8) | 517 (18.2) | 1084 (38.1) | |
| High school | 769 (30.3) | 736 (29.0) | 1037 (40.8) | |
| Middle school | 113 (15.4) | 252 (34.2) | 371 (50.4) | |
| Elementary | 81 (6.5) | 300 (24.2) | 861 (69.3) | |
| Marital status | <0.001 | |||
| Married | 1558 (31.4) | 1109 (22.4) | 2292 (46.2) | |
| Bereaved | 72 (23.6) | 144 (47.2) | 89 (29.2) | |
| Divorced or separated | 42 (9.0) | 132 (28.3) | 293 (62.7) | |
| Single | 538 (32.9) | 420 (25.7) | 679 (41.5) | |
| Income | <0.001 | |||
| Q1 (high) | 1083 (45.6) | 430 (18.1) | 860 (36.2) | |
| Q2 | 750 (33.4) | 602 (26.8) | 893 (39.8) | |
| Q3 | 336 (18.7) | 555 (30.9) | 906 (50.4) | |
| Q4 (low) | 41 (4.3) | 218 (22.9) | 694 (72.8) | |
| Head of household | <0.001 | |||
| No | 870 (19.4) | 950 (21.2) | 2659 (59.4) | |
| Yes | 1140 (42.4) | 855 (31.8) | 694 (25.8) | |
| Self-rated health | <0.001 | |||
| Very good | 616 (41.4) | 328 (22.1) | 543 (36.5) | |
| Good | 1254 (33.0) | 962 (25.3) | 1580 (41.6) | |
| Normal | 272 (19.6) | 352 (25.4) | 761 (54.9) | |
| Bad and very bad | 68 (9.7) | 163 (23.3) | 469 (67.0) | |
| Smoking | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 1104 (22.6) | 1112 (22.8) | 2669 (54.6) | |
| Past | 376 (43.8) | 213 (24.8) | 269 (31.4) | |
| Current | 730 (44.9) | 480 (29.5) | 415 (25.5) | |
| AUDIT score | <0.001 | |||
| 0–7 | 1355 (24.3) | 1297 (23.2) | 2927 (52.5) | |
| 8–15 | 616 (46.6) | 368 (27.8) | 338 (25.6) | |
| ≥16 | 239 (51.2) | 140 (30.0) | 88 (18.8) | |
| Depression (depressive symptoms) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 2005 (32.0) | 1493 (23.9) | 2761 (44.1) | |
| Yes | 205 (18.5) | 312 (28.1) | 592 (53.4) | |
| Total | 2210 (30.0) | 1805 (24.5) | 3353 (45.5) |
p Values were obtained from χ2 tests.
AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.