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. 2016 Mar 3;6(3):e010802. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010802

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Temporal changes of risks for adverse events in relation to residence: (A) readmission at 48 months; (B) loss to follow-up at 30 days; and (C) ED encounters at 30 days. The upper panels are absolute risks in the urban and rural cohorts, respectively. The lower panels are relative risks presented as HRs or the reciprocals of HRs with the urban cohort as the reference group. p Values for residence-by-period interaction are also presented. A relative risk of moving away from the value of one over time implies that that urban–rural inequality had been increasing over time, and vice versa. HRs are additionally adjusted for age, gender, diagnosis, hospital type, length of stay and economic status. ED, emergency department.