Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and description of social risk factors identified at randomisation
| Baseline characteristics | POW n=662 |
Standard care n=662 |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) median, IQR | 21.8 (19.0, 25.5) | 21.5 (18.8, 24.6) |
| Gestation at recruitment | ||
| Median, IQR | 12.9 (9.9, 17.3) | 12.7 (9.9, 18.0) |
| Under 12 weeks | 288 (43) | 283 (43) |
| 12–19+6 weeks | 266 (40) | 252 (38) |
| ≥20 weeks | 108 (16) | 127 (19) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Africa (North Africa, sub-Sahara, other) | 41 (6) | 46 (8) |
| Asia | ||
| Pakistan | 100 (15) | 107 (16) |
| India | 26 (4) | 27 (4) |
| Bangladesh | 24 (4) | 19 (3) |
| Other | 22 (3) | 16 (2) |
| Caribbean | 24 (4) | 45 (7) |
| European | ||
| Britain | 320 (48) | 315 (48) |
| Eastern Europe | 23 (4) | 20 (3) |
| Other | 6 (1) | 6 (1) |
| Middle East | 23 (4) | 19 (3) |
| Other | 53 (8) | 42 (6) |
| Index of multiple deprivation from postcode at recruitment | ||
| Quintile 1 | 494 (75) | 488 (74) |
| Quintile 2 | 99 (15) | 110 (17) |
| Quintile 3 | 51 (8) | 49 (7) |
| Quintile 4 | 15 (2) | 13 (2) |
| Quintile 5 | 3 (<1) | 2 (<1) |
| Medical history noted at booking | 320 (48) | 301 (45) |
| Social risk factor | ||
| Housing problems such as rent arrears, temporary accommodation registered with National Asylum Support Service (NASS) or of No Fixed Abode (NFA) | 282 (43) | 262 (40) |
| Teen parent (under 20 years old) | 230 (35) | 249 (38) |
| Smoking | 192 (29) | 183 (28) |
| Difficulty with the English language both spoken and written | 176 (27) | 169 (26) |
| Identified benefit problem | 154 (23) | 160 (24) |
| UK resident for under a year | 116 (18) | 93 (14) |
| Clinical diagnosis of past or present mental illness | 100 (15) | 96 (15) |
| No support from either partner or family or friend | 63 (10) | 80 (12) |
| Body mass index ≥35 | 34 (5) | 33 (5) |
| Body mass index ≤18 | 32 (5) | 26 (4) |
| Late booking (defined as booking after 18 weeks gestation) | 28 (4) | 31 (5) |
| Woman/household member in receipt of social services support, including child protection | 24 (4) | 34 (5) |
| Drug misuse including other's in the household | 19 (3) | 17 (3) |
| Domestic abuse | 13 (2) | 19 (3) |
| Alcohol misuse | 6 (1) | 7 (1) |
| DNA 2 or more antenatal appointments (under 28 weeks gestation) | 5 (1) | 8 (1) |
| Number of social risk factors identified | ||
| 1 social risk factor | 174 (26) | 194 (29) |
| 2 social risk factors | 269 (41) | 247 (37) |
| 3 social risk factors | 141 (21) | 145 (22) |
| 4 or more social risk factors | 78 (12) | 76 (11) |
Values are numbers (percentages) unless otherwise stated.
POW, Pregnancy Outreach Worker.