Table 1. Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system.

Categories	Score (Points)
Motor function: lower extremity
Impossible to walk	0
Need a cane or aid on flat ground	1
Need aid only on stairs	2
Possible to walk without any aid, but slow manner	3
Normal	4
Sensory function: lower extremity
Apparent sensory disturbance	0
Minimal sensory disturbance	1
Normal	2
Sensory function: Trunk
Apparent sensory disturbance	0
Minimal sensory disturbance	1
Normal	2
Bladder function
Urinary retention or incontinence	0
Severe dysuria (sense of retention, staining)	1
Slight dysuria (pollakisuria, retardation)	2
Normal	3
Total score	11