TABLE 2.
Form of culinary spice plant, dose tested, and outcome measures in clinical trials listed in clinicaltrials.gov1
| Botanical intervention2 | Clinical trials, n | Daily dose, mg | Outcome measure |
| Cayenne | |||
| Dihydrocapsiate | 3 | 9 | Adaptive thermogenesis |
| Chili pepper extract | 1 | 6 | Body weight and body composition |
| Cayenne | 1 | 900 | Chemopreventive agent for prostate cancer |
| Capsaicin | 1 | NP | Energy expenditure |
| Cinnamon | |||
| Fermented cinnamon | 1 | 30,000 | Abdominal fat |
| Cinnamon extract | 12 | 1000–9000 | Regulate blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin; gastric emptying; postprandial glucose |
| Cinnamon extract | 1 | 1000 | Ovulatory cycles |
| Cinnamon | 1 | 2800 | Endothelial function |
| Garlic | |||
| Aged garlic | 6 | 1200–6000 | Variety of cardiovascular disease measures |
| Aged garlic extract | 1 | 1500 | Antioxidant effect in heavy smokers |
| Aged garlic extract | 1 | 1200 | Endothelial function |
| Aged garlic extract | 1 | 2560 | Immune system; cold and flu symptoms |
| Ginger | |||
| Ginger | 6 | 2000 | Treating nausea in patients receiving chemotherapy |
| Ginger | 1 | NP | Chronic osteoarthritis |
| Ginger | 5 | 500–2000 | Treating nausea |
| Ginger | 1 | 2800 | Endothelial function |
| Pepper | |||
| Bioperine + curcumin or resveratrol | 4 | 5–25 | Mild cognitive impairment in healthy and in schizophrenia adults; enhance bioavailability |
| Black pepper | 1 | 1500 | Energy expenditure in overweight older adults |
| Black pepper | 1 | 2800 | Endothelial function |
| Rosemary | |||
| Rosemary extract | 1 | NP | Weight loss |
| Rosemary | 1 | 2800 | Endothelial function |
| Turmeric | |||
| Turmeric extract | 1 | 168 | Osteoarthritis of the knee |
| Curcumin + bioperine | 3 | ∼5000 | Mild cognitive impairment in healthy and in schizophrenia adults |
| Curcumin | 3 | 1500 | Osteoarthritis of the knee |
| Curcumin | 8 | 180–3000 | Management of age-related cognitive decline |
| Curcumin | 2 | 1800 | Reduce severity of irritable bowel |
| Curcumin | 1 | 1000 | Management of depression |
| Curcumin | 1 | 200 | Improve post-exercise recovery |
| Curcumin | 1 | 2000 | Prevention of radiation-induced dermatitis |
| Curcumin | 1 | NP | Reduce number of polyps |
1
Interventions listed in clinicaltrials.gov, where the intervention was categorized as a dietary supplement. NP, not provided or unable to determine the amount tested.
2
Botanical or its active constituent.