Table 1.
Characteristics of direct oral anticoagulants
| Dabigatran | Rivaroxaban | Edoxaban | Apixaban | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibition target | Factor IIa | Factor Xa | Factor Xa | Factor Xa |
| Pro-drug | Yes | No | No | No |
| Liver metabolism | ca. 20 % | ca. 66 % | NR | NR |
| Renal excretion rate | 80 % | 36 % | 35 % | 25 % |
| Elimination half-life | 14–17 h | 7–11 h | 9–11 h | 10–14 h |
| Bioavailability | 6.5 % | 80–100 % | 50 % | 50 % |
| Interaction | P-gp | 3A4/2 J2, P-gp | 3A4, P-gp | 3A4, P-gp |
| Dosage form | Capsule | Tablet | Tablet | Tablet |
IIa thrombin, Ca. approximately, NR not reported, P-gp p-glycoprotein (inhibitor), 3A4/2J2 cytochrome P450 3A4/2J2 (inhibitor), 3A4 cytochrome P450 3A4 (inhibitor)