Table 2.
Adjusted Geometric Means for Non-Invasive Serum Biomarkers within Specific Subgroups, Based on Cross-Sectional Analysis*
| APRI | FIB-4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic/Level | Adjusted Geometric Mean (SE) |
Relative Increase (vs reference category) |
P-value ╪ | Adjusted Geometric Mean (SE) |
Relative Increase (vs reference category) |
P-value ╪ |
|
Including all participants from all cohorts | ||||||
| Cohort | <0.001 | 0.011 | ||||
| REACH HIV-uninfected | 0.20 (0.07) | REF | 0.36 (0.04) | REF | ||
| REACH Behaviorally HIV+ | 0.26 (0.04) | 31.3% | 0.42 (0.02) | 15.1% | ||
| P219/C Behaviorally HIV+ | 0.25 (0.05) | 27.5% | 0.39 (0.03) | 7.9% | ||
| P219/C Perinatally HIV+ | 0.27 (0.02) | 38.5% | 0.41 (0.01) | 11.8% | ||
| HIV Infection Status | <0.001 | 0.003 | ||||
| HIV-uninfected | 0.20 (0.07) | REF | 0.36 (0.04) | REF | ||
| HIV-infected | 0.27 (0.02) | 35.1% | 0.41 (0.01) | 12.1% | ||
| Age group | 0.19 | <0.001 | ||||
| 15–16 | 0.26 (0.03) | REF | 0.36 (0.02) | REF | ||
| 17–18 | 0.25 (0.03) | −1.1% | 0.41 (0.02) | 14.5% | ||
| 19–20 | 0.27 (0.04) | 5.7% | 0.47 (0.02) | 30.9% | ||
| Gender | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Female | 0.24 (0.03) | REF | 0.38 (0.01) | REF | ||
| Male | 0.30 (0.03) | 26.3% | 0.44 (0.02) | 13.6% | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.71 | 0.048 | ||||
| White NH | 0.26 (0.05) | REF | 0.37 (0.03) | REF | ||
| Black NH | 0.26 (0.02) | 0.3% | 0.41 (0.01) | 10.6% | ||
| Other NH | 0.27 (0.11) | 5.3% | 0.41 (0.06) | 12.0% | ||
| Hispanic | 0.27 (0.04) | 3.6% | 0.41 (0.02) | 10.6% | ||
| BMI Z-score | 0.09 | <0.001 | ||||
| >2 | 0.25 (0.07) | REF | 0.35 (0.04) | REF | ||
| +1 to +2 | 0.25 (0.04) | 0.8% | 0.38 (0.02) | 7.5% | ||
| −1 to 1 | 0.26 (0.02) | 3.1% | 0.41 (0.01) | 17.2% | ||
| < −1 | 0.29 (0.05) | 14.0% | 0.45 (0.03) | 28.9% | ||
| Restricted to HIV-Infected Participants | ||||||
| Route of HIV Infection | 0.006 | 0.64 | ||||
| Behavioral | 0.25 (0.04) | REF | 0.40 (0.02) | REF | ||
| Perinatal | 0.27 (0.02) | 9.2% | 0.41 (0.01) | 1.3% | ||
| CD4 Count | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 350 or more | 0.25 (0.02) | REF | 0.39 (0.01) | REF | ||
| <350 | 0.30 (0.04) | 16.1% | 0.45 (0.02) | 15.1% | ||
| HIV RNA viral load | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| <400 | 0.24 (0.04) | REF | 0.37 (0.02) | REF | ||
| 400 – 10,000 | 0.27 (0.03) | 14.5% | 0.42 (0.02) | 12.8% | ||
| 10,000 or more | 0.30 (0.03) | 27.6% | 0.44 (0.02 | 18.5% | ||
| ARV Regimen | 0.96 | 0.75 | ||||
| HAART w/PI | 0.26 (0.03) | REF | 0.41 (0.02) | REF | ||
| HAART w/out PI | 0.27 (0.06) | 1.4% | 0.39 (0.03) | −3.0% | ||
| Non-HAART ARV | 0.27 (0.05) | 2.3% | 0.41 (0.03) | 1.5% | ||
| Not on ARVs | 0.27 (0.04) | 1.2% | 0.41 (0.02) | 1.8% | ||
| Didanosine use | 0.011 | 0.003 | ||||
| Did not use ddI | 0.26 (0.02) | REF | 0.40 (0.01) | REF | ||
| Used ddI | 0.29 (0.05) | 11.3% | 0.45 (0.03) | 11.2% | ||
*
Cross-sectional analysis based on first LFT within age 15–20 years for REACH and 219C behaviorally HIV-infected, and most recent within age 15–20 years for perinatally HIV-infected.
╪
P-value is from linear regression model for log-transformed biomarker, comparing means across covariate categories. Means within overall population are adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI z-score, and HIV status, and among analyses restricted to HIV-infected participant are adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI z-score, route of exposure, CD4 count, and viral load.