Table 3.
The δ frequency (days/month) of weather system direction, and estimates of probability for NAO, ENSO, solar and peak AOD composites at lag 0 during the boreal winter (DJF) months.
N | NE | E | SE | S | SW | W | NW | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pos. NAO | −1.31±0.44 | −0.51±0.13 | −1.85±0.26 | −0.93±0.28 | −0.63±0.53 | −0.10±0.55 | 3.10±0.98 | 0.80±0.79 |
p-val lower | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.61 |
p-val mean | 0.16 | 0.34 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.50 | 0.72 | 0.03 | 0.25 |
p-val upper | 0.35 | 0.70 | 0.05 | 0.40 | 0.67 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
neg. NAO | 2.27±0.67 | −0.31±0.21 | 2.89±0.75 | 0.65±0.36 | −0.04±0.55 | −0.21±0.39 | −2.58±0.83 | −1.31±0.34 |
p-val lower | 0.09 | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.62 | 0.54 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
p-val mean | 0.02 | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.31 | 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
p-val upper | 0.01 | 1.27 | 1.90×10−4 | 0.09 | 0.36 | 0.62 | 0.10 | 0.22 |
El Niño | −0.43±0.60 | −0.04±0.35 | −1.33±0.50 | −0.17±0.48 | −0.82±0.32 | 0.42±0.77 | 1.27±0.81 | 0.27±0.77 |
p-val lower | 0.28 | 0.67 | 0.02 | 0.40 | 0.13 | 0.64 | 0.29 | 0.54 |
p-val mean | 0.46 | 1.26 | 0.12 | 0.81 | 0.36 | 0.47 | 0.21 | 0.53 |
p-val upper | 0.42 | 0.66 | 0.37 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.15 |
La Niña | −1.15±0.49 | 0.17±0.26 | −0.28±0.66 | −0.28±0.41 | −0.38±0.50 | −0.69±0.36 | 2.04±1.32 | 0.44±0.69 |
p-val lower | 0.07 | 1.27 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.64 |
p-val mean | 0.23 | 0.94 | 0.51 | 0.76 | 0.63 | 0.42 | 0.11 | 0.45 |
p-val upper | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.39 | 0.73 | 0.59 | 0.65 | 0.02 | 0.12 |
solar max. | 0.68±0.53 | −0.25±0.27 | −1.52±0.40 | −0.77±0.24 | −0.40±0.51 | −0.39±0.50 | 0.96±1.08 | 0.99±0.85 |
p-val lower | 0.42 | 0.32 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.31 | 0.57 |
p-val mean | 0.28 | 1.11 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.63 | 0.60 | 0.24 | 0.17 |
p-val upper | 0.16 | 1.21 | 0.23 | 0.53 | 0.60 | 0.65 | 0.11 | 0.01 |
solar min. | 0.29±0.81 | 0.47±0.38 | 0.21±0.65 | −0.16±0.40 | 0.62±0.46 | −0.61±0.38 | −1.49±1.42 | 0.78±0.45 |
p-val lower | 0.46 | 1.11 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.58 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.50 |
p-val mean | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0.81 | 0.30 | 0.48 | 0.14 | 0.26 |
p-val upper | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.65 | 0.11 | 0.71 | 0.31 | 0.09 |
high AOD | −0.03±0.59 | −0.38±0.28 | −0.78±0.51 | 0.37±0.52 | −0.91±0.49 | 0.75±0.53 | −1.18±0.84 | 0.59±0.58 |
p-val lower | 0.43 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.81 | 0.04 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 |
p-val mean | 0.44 | 0.72 | 0.39 | 0.54 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.37 |
p-val upper | 0.31 | 1.27 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 0.62 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.10 |