Table 2. Associations between demand- and supply-side factors and categories of IYCF counseling services utilization (groups of MTBT users), compared to never use.
| One-time users (n = 131, 13.0%) | Repeat users (n = 286, 28.37%) | Achievers of recommended minimum visits (n = 136, 13.49%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | |
| Demand-side factors | ||||||
| Maternal predisposing factors | ||||||
| Age | 0.99 | [0.96,1.03] | 0.98* | [0.97,0.99] | 1.00 | [0.98,1.02] |
| Ethnic minority (ref: Kinh) | 1.25 | [0.88,1.78] | 1.14 | [0.99,1.32] | 1.73* | [1.09,2.74] |
| Education (ref: primary school) | ||||||
| Middle school | 3.57* | [1.24,10.23] | 1.19 | [0.77,1.85] | 1.76* | [1.07,2.90] |
| High school | 3.86* | [1.30,11.49] | 1.23 | [0.72,2.11] | 1.88* | [1.10,3.19] |
| College or higher | 3.50* | [1.18,10.33] | 1.21 | [0.70,2.12] | 2.12* | [1.09,4.14] |
| Main occupation (ref: salaried employee) | ||||||
| Housewife | 1.03 | [0.64,1.64] | 1.14 | [0.87,1.49] | 1.05 | [0.73,1.52] |
| Farmer | 1.34 | [0.94,1.91] | 1.14 | [0.92,1.42] | 1.46* | [1.03,2.07] |
| Small trader | 1.03 | [0.67,1.60] | 1.04 | [0.87,1.25] | 1 | [0.68,1.49] |
| Need factors | ||||||
| Child age (months) (ref: 0–5.9) | ||||||
| 6–11.9 | 1.19 | [0.84,1.69] | 1.56*** | [1.21,2.02] | 1.07 | [0.61,1.87] |
| 12–23.9 | 1.01 | [0.72,1.42] | 1.50** | [1.11,2.04] | 1.01 | [0.70,1.46] |
| Child sex as female | 1.1 | [0.92,1.32] | 1 | [0.88,1.13] | 0.98 | [0.77,1.23] |
| Low birthweight (<2500 gram) | 0.5 | [0.14,1.81] | 0.93 | [0.62,1.38] | 0.99 | [0.61,1.62] |
| Child stunting | 0.86 | [0.48,1.54] | 0.98 | [0.74,1.29] | 0.52* | [0.30,0.92] |
| Child wasting | 2.12* | [1.12,4.02] | 1.12 | [0.72,1.75] | 1.62*** | [1.22,2.15] |
| Child Illness | 0.74** | [0.61,0.90] | 0.91 | [0.77,1.07] | 0.93 | [0.71,1.22] |
| Number of children <5 ys (ref: 1 child) | ||||||
| ≥ 2 children | 1.12 | [0.83,1.52] | 0.98 | [0.81,1.19] | 1.25* | [1.00,1.57] |
| Enabling factors | ||||||
| Received invitation card to MTBT | 3.00*** | [2.16,4.16] | 3.17*** | [2.43,4.15] | 5.50*** | [3.61,8.37] |
| Exposed to promotional TV spot | 1.16 | [0.82,1.65] | 1.19* | [1.01,1.40] | 1.47* | [1.07,2.04] |
| Exposed to promotional bill board | 1.70** | [1.22,2.37] | 1.33** | [1.12,1.58] | 1.74** | [1.22,2.47] |
| Household SES (ref: low) | ||||||
| Middle | 1.2 | [0.81,1.79] | 0.96 | [0.81,1.13] | 0.95 | [0.72,1.25] |
| High | 1.2 | [0.79,1.85] | 0.99 | [0.80,1.23] | 0.95 | [0.68,1.33] |
| Proximity to health facility (ref: ≤5 minutes | ||||||
| 6–10 minutes | 0.8 | [0.55,1.17] | 1.1 | [0.89,1.35] | 1.08 | [0.79,1.48] |
| 11–15 minutes | 0.65** | [0.47,0.89] | 0.88 | [0.68,1.14] | 0.58** | [0.42,0.82] |
| >15 minutes | 0.69 | [0.36,1.32] | 0.46** | [0.28,0.76] | 0.69 | [0.42,1.12] |
| Supply-side factors | ||||||
| Service delivery | ||||||
| Counseling skills: (ref: low) | ||||||
| Middle | 1.78*** | [1.48,2.14] | 1.36* | [1.04,1.78] | 1.56 | [0.98,2.47] |
| High | 1.62*** | [1.31,2.00] | 1.30* | [1.04,1.63] | 1.67** | [1.14,2.44] |
| CHC staff characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 1.01 | [1.00,1.01] | 1 | [0.99,1.01] | 1 | [0.99,1.02] |
| Work duration (ref: <10 years) | ||||||
| 10–19 years | 0.88 | [0.75,1.03] | 0.95 | [0.84,1.08] | 0.73* | [0.57,0.94] |
| ≥ 20 years | 0.93 | [0.69,1.27] | 0.97 | [0.75,1.26] | 0.68 | [0.43,1.09] |
| Knowledge (ref: low) | ||||||
| Middle | 0.96 | [0.79,1.17] | 0.9 | [0.73,1.11] | 0.8 | [0.53,1.21] |
| High | 1.02 | [0.83,1.26] | 1.03 | [0.92,1.16] | 0.9 | [0.70,1.17] |
| Confident (ref: low) | ||||||
| Middle | 1.09 | [0.90,1.32] | 1.08 | [0.96,1.21] | 1.02 | [0.84,1.23] |
| High | 1.36** | [1.08,1.71] | 1.12 | [0.99,1.26] | 1.2 | [0.88,1.65] |
| Personal recognition (ref: low) | ||||||
| Middle | 0.94 | [0.79,1.11] | 0.98 | [0.84,1.14] | 0.89 | [0.68,1.17] |
| High | 0.89 | [0.72,1.10] | 1.04 | [0.92,1.17] | 1 | [0.84,1.18] |
| Work pressure (ref: low) | ||||||
| Middle | 0.96 | [0.80,1.16] | 0.89 | [0.79,1.01] | 0.71* | [0.52,0.96] |
| High | 0.97 | [0.80,1.18] | 0.97 | [0.83,1.14] | 0.76 | [0.54,1.07] |
| Salary satisfaction (ref: low) | ||||||
| Middle | 1.23* | [1.03,1.47] | 1.01 | [0.89,1.14] | 1.25 | [0.94,1.67] |
| High | 0.96 | [0.84,1.10] | 0.88 | [0.73,1.06] | 1.11 | [0.80,1.55] |
| Supportive supervision (ref: low) | ||||||
| High | 0.92 | [0.81,1.05] | 1.04 | [0.92,1.18] | 1.01 | [0.79,1.30] |
*p<0.05
**p<0.01
***p<0.001.