Table 1.
Clinical, laboratory, and brachial artery FMD characteristics of study participants
| N | 135 |
| Age, years [median (Q1, Q3)] | 50 (45, 57) |
| Male gender, n (%) | 119 (88.1) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Caucasian, n (%) | 79 (58.5) |
| African American, n (%) | 4 (3.0) |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, n (%) | 16 (11.8) |
| Asian, n (%) | 12 (8.9) |
| Others, n (%) | 24 (17.8) |
| Systolic blood pressure (BP), mmHg [median (Q1, Q3)] | 120 (111,129) |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg [median (Q1, Q3)] | 74 (68, 81) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 49 (36.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 11 (8.1) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl [median (Q1, Q3)] | 109 (89, 132) |
| Total/HDL cholesterol ratio [median (Q1, Q3)] | 4.18 (3.35, 5.11) |
| Body mass index (BMI), kg/m2 [median (Q1, Q3)] | 25.9 (24.0, 28.3) |
| Waist to hip ratio [median (Q1, Q3)] | 0.94 (0.91, 0.98) |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 86 (63.7) |
| History of cardiovascular disease (CVD), n (%) | 10 (7.4) |
| 10-Year CHD risk estimated by Framingham risk score (FRS),% [median (Q1, Q3)] | 6 (2, 13) |
| Current cardiovascular medications | |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 24 (17.8) |
| Beta blocker, n (%) | 11 (8.1) |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 21 (15.6) |
| Statin, n (%) | 41 (30.4) |
| CD4+T-cell count, cells/mm3 [median (Q1, Q3)] | 480 (340, 638) |
| CD4+T-cell nadir, cells/mm3 [median (Q1, Q3)]a | 152 (30, 251) |
| Undetectable HIV RNA (<50 copies/ml), n (%) | 116 (85.9) |
| Current antiretroviral medications | |
| Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), n (%) | 128 (94.8) |
| Abacavir, n (%) | 25 (18.5) |
| Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), n (%) | 66 (48.9) |
| Protease inhibitor, n (%) | 64 (47.4) |
| Integrase Inhibitor, n (%) | 17 (12.6) |
| Hepatitis C infection, n (%) | 11 (8.1) |
| Inflammatory biomarkers | |
| sE-Selectin, ng/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 33.93 (23.07, 48.21) |
| sVCAM-1, ng/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 1174.89 (936.33, 1336.60) |
| sICAM-1, ng/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 138.68 (108.15, 171.45) |
| MMP-9, ng/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 55.44 (36.87, 89.35) |
| MPO, ng/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 16.37 (11.53, 22.66) |
| CRP, ng/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 10 886.30 (3563.68, 48 305.40) |
| SAA, ng/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 15 766.30 (3938.55, 46 054.10) |
| SAP, ng/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 87 364.20 (51 077.10, 158 399.00) |
| IL-1b, pg/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 0.305 (0.275, 0.315) |
| IL-6, pg/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 1.44 (0.85, 2.51) |
| IL-8, pg/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 3.53 (2.74, 4.46) |
| IL-10, pg/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 2.05 (0.70, 4.69) |
| TNF-alpha, pg/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 2.97 (1.75, 4.45) |
| MCP-1, pg/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 145.19 (118.45, 176.51) |
| Interferon (IFN)-gamma, pg/ml [median (Q1, Q3)] | 0.66 (0.37, 1.16) |
| Baseline brachial artery diameter, cm [median (Q1, Q3)] | 0.443 (0.409, 0.490) |
| Baseline brachial flow, ml/min [median (Q1, Q3)] | 131.53 (92.11, 196.64) |
| Brachial artery FMD,% [median (Q1, Q3)] | 3.72 (2.36, 6.01) |
ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers; CHD: coronary heart disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; FMD: flow-mediated dilation; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; IFN-gamma: interferon-gamma; IL: interleukin; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9; MPO: myeloperoxidase; SAA: serum amyloid A; SAP: serum amyloid P; sE-selectin: soluble E-selectin; sICAM-1: soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; sVCAM-1: soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; TNF-alpha: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
a
N = 126.