. 2016 Mar 11;7:278. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00278

Table 5.

The main volatile compounds (mg/L) of sequential fermentation trials in natural grape juice with S. cerevisiae EC1118 inoculated after 72 h of fermentation with and without removing beads.

With removing beads						Without removing beads
Fermentation trials	S. cerevisiae control culture	*H. osmophila/S. cerevisiae*	*M. pulcherrima/S. cerevisiae*	*S. bombicola/S. cerevisiae*	*H. uvarum/S. cerevisiae*	S. cerevisiae control culture	*H. osmophila/S. cerevisiae*	*M. pulcherrima/S. cerevisiae*	*S. bombicola/S. cerevisiae*	*H. uvarum/S. cerevisiae*
ESTERS
Ethyl butyrate	0.17 ± 0.01^e	0.20 ± 0.01^c	0.21 ± 0.01^c	0.25 ± 0.04^b	0.20 ± 0.01^c	0.19 ± 0.01^e	0.20 ± 0.06^c	0.21 ± 0.00^d	0.26 ± 0.01^b	0.53 ± 0.02^a
Ethyl acetate	36.94 ± 0.69^f	51.52 ± 0.03^e	83.10 ± 2.12^c	36.68 ± 1.64^f	195.79 ± 2.9^a	36.94 ± 0.40^f	68.04 ± 3.35^d	87.42 ± 0.51^c	45.44 ± 0.31^e	165.68 ± 0.9^b
Phenyl ethylacetate	0.043 ± 0.007^a	0.036 ± 0.004^a	0.037 ± 0.004^a	0.027 ± 0.001^a	0.035 ± 0.01^a	0.031 ± 0.002^a	0.029 ± 0.014^a	0.032 ± 0.007^a	0.027 ± 0.007^a	0.034 ± 0.00^a
Ethyl hexanoate	0.11 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.00^{b, c}	0.10 ± 0.00^{a, b}	0.01 ± 0.00^f	0.08 ± 0.01^c	0.11 ± 0.001^a	0.05 ± 0.03^d	0.03 ± 0.00^e	0.01 ± 0.00^f	0.11 ± 0.00^a
Ethyl octanoate	0.089 ± 0.003^{a, b}	0.020 ± 0.00^e	0.084 ± 0.001^{a, b}	0.096 ± 0.00^a	0.032 ± 0.01^{d, e}	0.076 ± 0.002^b	0.028 ± 0.037^{d, e}	0.074 ± 0.001^b	0.059 ± 0.00^c	0.037 ± 0.00^d
Isoamyl acetate	0.20 ± 0.01^d	0.27 ± 0.10^c	0.22 ± 0.01^d	0.22 ± 0.01^d	0.22 ± 0.01^d	0.22 ± 0.06^d	0.41 ± 0.02^a	0.41 ± 0.01^a	0.33 ± 0.02^b	0.22 ± 0.01^d
ALCOHOLS
n-propanol	64.2 ± 0.95^d	35.7 ± 0.4^e	36.3 ± 0.3^e	86.5 ± 0.4^b	34.5 ± 2.7^e	65.1 ± 0.5^d	75.1 ± 1.5^c	106.0 ± 2.3^a	57.7 ± 1.8^d	88.1 ± 2.4^b
Isobutanol	8.6 ± 1.1^b	7.0 ± 1.1^b	4.4 ± 0.1^{b, c}	4.5 ± 0.7b^c	4.2 ± 1.7^{b, c}	7.9 ± 2.8^b	5.6 ± 2.2^{b, c}	4.0 ± 0.8b^c	5.2 ± 0.2^{b, c}	11.6 ± 3.4^a
Amylc alcohol	10.2 ± 0.3^{b, c}	8.6 ± 0.5^{b, c}	15.7 ± 1.2^a	8.6 ± 1.4^{b, c}	10.6 ± 2.4^b	9.3 ± 0.02^{b, c}	16.1 ± 0.1^a	10.1 ± 2.7^{b, c}	11.1 ± 0.4^b	10.2 ± 2.7^{b, c}
Isoamylic alcohol	99.8 ± 0.1^c	106.8 ± 0.4^b	94.9 ± 0.7^{c, d}	81.9 ± 0.8^e	84.7 ± 2.4^e	97.9 ± 1.2^c	129.4 ± 0.2^a	106.6 ± 1.9^b	92.1 ± 0.1^{c, d}	83.7 ± 0.1^e
β-Phenyl ethanol	30.8 ± 1.2^{a, b}	23.3 ± 0.5^{c, d}	21.0 ± 1.4^d	26.9 ± 0.7^{b, c}	23.3 ± 0.5^{c, d}	31.9 ± 2.9^{a, b}	19.8 ± 2.1^d	32.6 ± 1.7^a	30.2 ± 1.6^{a, b}	20.3 ± 3.1^d
Hexanol	0.047 ± 0.000^{a, b}	0.049 ± 0.001^a	0.026 ± 0.00^e	0.040 ± 0.003^c	0.27 ± 0.00^e	0.048 ± 0.001^{a, b}	0.048 ± 0.02^a	0.035 ± 0.004^d	0.047 ± 0.00^{a, b}	0.043 ± 0.004 ^{b, c}
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Acetaldehyde	53.3 ± 0.7^f	113.3 ± 1.4^b	116.9 ± 1.4^b	87.14 ± 3.4^d	112.3 ± 3.1^b	51.3 ± 0.4^f	95.2 ± 0.8^c	73.8 ± 2.6^e	70.1 ± 2.7^e	126.2 ± 2.9^a
Acetoin	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
MONOTERPENS
Linalool	0.006 ± 0.001^a	0.005 ± 0.002^{a, b}	0.005 ± 0.00^{a, b}	0.003 ± 0.00^b	0.003 ± 0.00^b	0.006 ± 0.00^a	0.006 ± 0.00^a	0.004 ± 0.001^{a, b}	0.005 ± 0.00^{a, b}	0.003 ± 0.00^b
Nerol	0.217 ± 0.002^a	0.081 ± 0.003^c	0.065 ± 0.001^d	0.048 ± 0.003^e	0.030 ± 0.003^f	0.216 ± 0.002^a	0.074 ± 0.035^{c, d}	0.077 ± 0.004^c	0.096 ± 0.007^b	0.063 ± 0.00^d
Geraniol	0.188 ± 0.012^b	0.193 ± 0.010^b	0.266 ± 0.002^a	0.153 ± 0.001^c	0.111 ± 0.01^e	0.193 ± 0.010^b	0.131 ± 0.097^d	0.255 ± 0.015^a	0.138 ± 0.006^{c, d}	0.149 ± 0.00^c

Data are means ± standard deviations of two independent experiment. Data with different superscript letters (

^{a, b, c, d, e, f}

) within each column are different according to Duncan tests (0.05%). ND = not detected