Fig. 2.

Terpene backbone biosynthesis in microorganisms and plants. Plug indicates plug-in of limonene biosynthesis in microbial hosts. MEP methylerythritol 4-phosphate, ER endoplasmic reticulum, GA3P d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, CoA coenzyme A, DXS 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, DXR 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase, CMS/MCT 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methylerythritol synthase/2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, CMK 4-(cytidine-5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol kinase, MCS 2-C-ethyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase, HDS 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl-diphosphate synthase, IDS isopentenyl diphosphate/dimethylallyl diphosphate synthase, HDR 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl-diphosphate reductase, AACT aceto acetyl-CoA thiolase, HMGS 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase, HMGR 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, MVK mevalonate kinase, PMK phosphomevalonate kinase, PMD diphosphomevolonate decarboxylase, IDI isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, DMAPP dimethylallyl diphosphate, IPP isopentenyl diphosphate (Banerjee and Sharkey 2014; Miziorko 2011; Rodriguez-Concepcion and Boronat 2002)