Figure 4. Dynamics of contribution, strategy frequency, and selection strength when the population is initialized as Type 0 (left column of panels) or Type 5 (right column of panels).

With different initial conditions, average contribution, strategy frequency, and selection strength all eventually converge to similar levels, and the success of Type 2 is robust to initial conditions. Top panels: average contribution level eventually stabilizes around 0.8. Middle panels: Type 2 eventually dominates in the population. Bottom panels: strength of intra-group selection and strength of inter-group selection stabilize around similar levels with different initial conditions.