Table 5.

Key bottlenecks and related causes for demand of services

Area of intervention	Domain of intervention	Key bottlenecks	Causes
Demand factors	Access to early infant diagnosis	Limited sites provide these services	Initiation of ART only done at hospitals despite that PHCs having medical officers onsite who can be trained
	Poverty for population who are affected by HIV	Limited uptake of services	High cost of transportation and living conditions to travel to early infant diagnosis collection sites and ART clinics
	Stigma and discrimination	Cultural and religious beliefs	Some hospitals refer HIV-infected pregnant women even for normal delivery because of HIV status