Table 2.

Estimates of the association linking drug history status in the early 1980s with subsequent mortality in five communities/four cities. Data from the United States Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program, 1980-2007 (n = 7207).

	Estimated relative risk (RR) from conditional logistic regression for discrete time data (area-time matched risk sets of survival data)				Estimated relative risk (RR) from unconditional logistic regression with weights and Taylor series variance approach^a
	RR	95% confidence interval		p-value	RR	95% confidence interval		p-value
Model 1
Any heroin use
Yes	3.6	2.4	5.3	<0.001	3.7	1.9	7.0	<0.001
No (reference)	1.0				1.0
Model 2
Drug use status at baseline
Heroin and one or more (1+) other IRD taken daily or near-daily for 2+ weeks	4.0	2.4	6.6	<0.001	6.7	2.9	15.6	<0.001
‘Non-daily’ use of heroin, sometimes with extra-medical daily use of 1+ IRD^b	3.4	1.9	6.2	<0.001	2.7	1.2	6.2	0.021
Never used heroin, but sustained daily or near-daily extra-medical use of 1+ IRD	1.3	1.1	1.7	0.029	1.5	1.1	2.0	0.007
Never used heroin, with ‘non-daily’ use of 1+ IRD on 5+ occasions in the lifetime	1.0	0.8	1.3	0.935	1.3	0.9	1.8	0.070
Never used heroin, with ‘non-daily’ use of 1+ IRD on <6 occasions	0.8	0.6	1.1	0.254	0.9	0.6	1.2	0.351
Never used an IRD (reference)	1.0				1.0

Note: All models include covariate adjustment for sex, age (centered to the lowest age value), and age (centered) squared.

Unconditional model also adjusted by community.

This group included 15 individuals who used only heroin, but never daily, and 36 non-daily heroin users who also used 1+ IRD daily.