Figure 7a:

Chronic venous disease from filter-induced caval narrowing. (a) Coronal contrast-enhanced CT reformation demonstrates a chronically indwelling Greenfield infrarenal IVC filter with caval narrowing (arrow) and markedly atretic left common iliac vein (white arrowhead) with intraabdominal and body-wall collaterals (yellow arrowheads). (b) Patient’s leg demonstrates characteristic changes, including redness, swelling, hyperpigmentation, and ulceration treated with a medicated dressing. (c) Right iliac venogram illustrates an atretic common iliac vein and caudal IVC with marked collateralization.