Table 1. BM23 beamline: main characteristics.

Beamline name	BM23
Source	0.85 T ESRF bending magnet
Primary slits	10 mm × 0.3 mm located at 23.5 m
Monochromator	Fixed-exit double-crystal monochromator (DCM) Si(111/311/511)
Mirrors	Double mirrors 2–5 mrad Si/Pt/Rh stripes
Energy range	5−75 keV
Beam size (unfocused)	15 mm by 1 mm
Flux on sample (unfocused)	1.2 × 1011 photons s−1 at 21 keV in 0.35 mrad × 14 µrad at 200 mA using a Si(111) DCM and RH mirrors at 2 mrad†
Beam size (focused)	4 µm × 4 µm (FWHM) using a pair of Pt-coated mirrors in KB geometry
Flux (focused)	4 × 109 photons s−1 at 21 keV in 0.02 mrad × 10 µrad at 200 mA using a Si(111) DCM and KB mirrors at 3 mrad†
Detectors	Ionization chambers, diodes, 13-element Ge detectors, Si drift diodes, MAR 165 CCD
Sample environments	Automatic sample changer, low-temperature (1.6–400 K), high-temperature (300–3000 K), high-pressure (1–100 GPa), high-temperature reactors, plug flow capillary microreactors

^†Measured with a calibrated Si PIN diode.