Table 2.
Baseline clinical, demographic, biochemical and imaging indices, stratified by DietQuality score in quartiles (where available). A higher quartile signifies a more salutatory diet. Values represent median (interquartile range) or number (percentage). Abbreviations: lbs, pounds; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model of insulin resistance; HU, Hounsfield units.
| Variable | Dietary Quality Score (quartiles) | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Q1 (N=1180) | Q2 (N=1378) | Q3 (N=1335) | Q4 (N=1186) | ||
|
| |||||
| Age (baseline, years) | 60 (52-68) | 61 (53-69) | 63 (54-70) | 63 (54-71) | <0.01 |
|
| |||||
| Race (%) | <0.01 | ||||
| Caucasian | 375 (32%) | 471 (34%) | 465 (35%) | 502 (42%) | |
| Chinese-American | 75 (6%) | 179 (13%) | 248 (19%) | 145 (12%) | |
| African-American | 394 (33%) | 370 (27%) | 335 (25%) | 342 (29%) | |
| Hispanic | 336 (28%) | 358 (26%) | 287 (22%) | 197 (17%) | |
|
| |||||
| Male sex (%) | 615 (52%) | 643 (47%) | 602 (45%) | 516 (44%) | <0.01 |
|
| |||||
| Income | <0.01 | ||||
| $0-$100,000/year | 1016 (91%) | 1192 (90%) | 1106 (86%) | 946 (82%) | |
| >$100,000/year | 105 (9%) | 129 (10%) | 178 (14%) | 207 (18%) | |
|
| |||||
| Educational attainment | <0.01 | ||||
| ≤ High school | 547 (47%) | 570 (41%) | 463 (35%) | 295 (25%) | |
| Some college | 342 (29%) | 404 (29%) | 361 (27%) | 320 (27%) | |
| ≥ 4 years college | 287 (24%) | 402 (29%) | 511 (38%) | 569 (48%) | |
|
| |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.7 (25.7-32.3) | 27.8 (24.7-31.2) | 27.4 (24.6-30.9) | 26.9 (24.2-30.3) | <0.01 |
|
| |||||
| Weight (lbs) | 177 (153-204) | 169 (145-196) | 168 (145-195) | 166 (144-192) | <0.01 |
|
| |||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 99.8 (90.8-109.5) | 97.0 (88.7-106.5) | 97.0 (88.0-105.5) | 95.7 (86.5-104.0) | <0.01 |
|
| |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124 (112-140) | 125 (113-141) | 124 (112-139) | 124 (111-139) | 0.41 |
|
| |||||
| Never smoker (%) | 563 (48%) | 737 (54%) | 733 (55%) | 625 (53%) | <0.01 |
|
| |||||
| Diabetes (%) | 152 (13%) | 204 (15%) | 170 (13%) | 127 (11%) | 0.02 |
|
| |||||
| Hypertension (%) | 516 (44%) | 631 (46%) | 587 (44%) | 530 (45%) | 0.71 |
|
| |||||
| Biomarkers (median, IQR) | |||||
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 118 (98-138) | 118 (98-138) | 116 (96-136) | 114 (95-134) | <0.01 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 46 (39-56) | 48 (40-58) | 48 (40-58) | 50 (42-60) | <0.01 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 117 (83-163) | 112 (79-166) | 114 (79-165) | 104 (73-153) | <0.01 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 91 (84-101) | 91 (83-100) | 89 (83-100) | 88 (82-97) | <0.01 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 2.23 (1.02-4.46) | 1.91 (0.86-4.55) | 1.93 (0.86-4.24) | 1.59 (0.70-3.82) | <0.01 |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/ml) | 1.27 (0.84-1.97) | 1.22 (0.78-1.92) | 1.20 (0.78-1.84) | 1.07 (0.69-1.73) | <0.01 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.18 (1.39-3.40) | 1.98 (1.35-3.08) | 1.93 (1.31-2.92) | 1.66 (1.18-2.59) | <0.01 |
*
P values represent chi-square or Wilcoxon tests, where appropriate.